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Realidade de discentes do curso de odontologia no contexto da prescrição medicamentosa: da formação e conhecimento para a elaboração de um E-book

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Realidade de discentes do curso de odontologia no contexto da prescrição medicamentosa: da formação e conhecimento para a elaboração de um E-book Autor(es): Melo, Juliana Domingos Abstract: Introduction: The Dental Surgeon (DS) is authorized to prescribe drugs that can be used in dentistry. However, this practice requires constant updating. Objective: To analyze the demands for assertive drug prescription among students of the UFC-Sobral dentistry course. Methodology: This is an observational, cross-sectional, analytical study with a quantitative approach. Approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Ceará (No. 70079423.6.0000.5054/2024). The study population, which coincided with the sample, was represented by 42 undergraduate students of the UFC-Sobral Campus dentistry course who completed the course in 2024. The research was developed through the Google Forms platform, using a form attached to the Free and Informed Consent Form, in which the following were investigated: student profile; perceptions about training in Pharmacology; knowledge and understanding of prescription practice, specifically in cases of pain and inflammation; information search strategies and pedagogical suggestions. For data collection, the form was sent to students' e-mails in the first and second quarters of 2024. Pearson's Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test (p<0.05) were used for statistical analysis. Results: 69% of students responded to the electronic form with an average age of 252.65 years; 59% were female. Evaluating the course workload, perceptions varied between "I totally agree or agree, neutral, I totally disagree or disagree", with no significant association between gender (p=0.544) or age (p=0.137) and this perception. Regarding prescription support, 62% agreed that the training offered was sufficient, also with no significant association between this perception and gender (p=0.337) or age (p=0.314). Self-perceived knowledge of clinical pharmacology showed a significant association with age (p=0.014), but no association with gender (p=0.317). Regarding prescription by dentists, 76% acknowledged that this should be restricted to medications applicable to dentistry. The main difficulties reported in prescribing were: defining the dose (69%), pharmaceutical form (14%) and interval between doses (17%). Uncertainty when prescribing medications for pain and inflammation was reported by 72%, with a significant difference between genders (p=0.044), but not between age groups (p=0.635). Regarding prescription for patients with comorbidities, 55% reported feeling confident, with no significant association with gender or age. Faced with diagnostic difficulties, 66% stated that they used the UFC bibliographic collection, while 34% stated that they discussed the case with colleagues. There was no significant association between these strategies and the variables gender or age. As the main source of information for prescribing, 55% mentioned the internet, and 41% mentioned books and scientific articles, with no association with gender (p=0.716) or age (p=0.187). Discussion of clinical cases was indicated as a relevant strategy for consolidating knowledge by 96% of students. In addition, 100% of students stated that a therapeutic guide in e-book format would be useful to guide prescribing. Conclusion: The data point to the need for training strategies that strengthen prescribing in the management of pain and inflammation, highlighting the potential of resources such as the development of an e-book. Tipo: Dissertação

Efeito dos imunossupressores ciclosporina microemulsão, micofenolato mofetil e rapamicina no desenvolvimento do tumor de Walker

Wed, 01 Jan 2003 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Efeito dos imunossupressores ciclosporina microemulsão, micofenolato mofetil e rapamicina no desenvolvimento do tumor de Walker Autor(es): Silva, Sonia Leite da Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 3 immunosupressive drugs on Walker's tumor development and to evaluate a novel isolation technique of these tumoral cells using a ficoll-hypaque gradient. Methods and Results, one million of tumoral cells were inoculated by sc. injection in the right axilary region in forty male Wistar rats, 4-8 weeks-age. Tumor volume (TV), % tumor growth/inhibition (Tl), and tumor weight (TW) were assessed and analysed by ANOVA multivariate and univariate assays. Experiment I: 1-Control (n=10), mineral water; 2-Rapamycin, 1.5mg/kg/day (Rapa, n=10); 3-Cyclosporin microemulsion, 10mg/kg/d, (CsA, n=10); 4-Mycophenolate mofetil, 10mg/kg/d (MMF, n=10). All drugs were introduced one day before tumor inoculation and administered p.o. over 10 days. On day 10, TV was smaller in Rapa than in Control (6.8±2.7cm3 vs. 14.9±4.2cm3, p<0.001) in opposition to CsA (13.9±3.0cm3, p=0.89). TV was lower in MMF than in Control (10.3±2.8cm3, p<0.05) and similar to CsA and Rapa Tl was -49.3% in Rapa and -28.3% in MMF. TW was also significantly lower in Rapa (3.7±1.2g), MMF (5.2±2.0g) as compared to CsA (8.8±2.1g) and Control (7.3±2.0g). Experiment II: Control (n=9); Rapa (n=8); Rapa+CsA (n=9); Rapa+MMF (n=9). All drugs were started 24 hr. before tumor inoculation and adiministered over 10 days. On day 10, TV was lower in Rapa, Rapa+CsA and Rapa+MMF as compared to Control (3.8±1.5cm3; 3.1±1.2cm3 and 4.6±2.7cm3 vs. 10.9±3.8cm ; p<0.0001). TW was also lower in theses groups than in Control (3.5±1.2g; 2.3±0.4g; and 2.7±1.1g vs. 7.3±1.4g; p<0.0001). Tl was -52.1% in Rapa, -68.5% in Rapa+CsA and -63% in Rapa+MMF. Experiment III: Control (n=7); CsA (n=9); MMF+CsA (n=8). Drugs were given p. o. over 10 days beginning 24 hr. before tumor inoculation. On day 10, TV was similar (p=0.435) in MMF+CsA (19.7±3.7cm3) as compared to CsA (18.3±3.4cmá) and Control (19.1±3.5cm''). TW was similar in theses groups (CsA=11.2±2.1g; MMF+CsA=9.9±2.8g; and Control=9.7±3.1g; p=0.457). Experiment IV: Control (n=7); Rapa (n=10); MMF (n=9). All drugs were started on Day 4 after tumor implant and administered over 7 days. On day 10, TV in Rapa and MMF were similar to Control (Rapa=13.2±3.2cm3and MMF=12.3±5.5cm3vs Control=14.9±7.4cm3; p=0.831) as well as TW (Rapa=5.2±1.6g and MMF=6.9±2.4g vs. Control=6.3±3.2g; p=0.229). Experiment V: Isolation Technique of Tumoral cells Using a Ficoll-Hvpaaue Gradient. The tumoral cells were centrifuged on a Ficolt-Hypaque gradient and one million cells tumoral were implanted in the right axilary region (n=10) and TV, Tl, and TW were compared with technique without the Ficoll-Hypaque gradient (n=10). On day 10, no differences were observed in TV (without ficoll=17.9±3.8 and with ficoll=17.214.4cm ; p=0.190) and TW (without ficoll=7.0±1.8g; with ficoll =7.3±2.8g, p=0.569). Experiment VI: the effect of Rapa on tumor growth was assessed using the tumor cell suspension obtained by a ficoll-hypaque gradient. Control (n=10) olive oil; Rapa (n=10). Treatment was started on Day 4 after tumor implant and administered p. o. over 10 days. On day 13, TV in Rapa (21.1 ±6.0 cm3) was similar to Control (24.9±6.4cm3; p=0.831). as well as TW on day 14 (Rapa=9.3±4.0g vs. Control=10.0±2.6g; p=0.445). Conclusions: A Ficoll-Hypaque gradient can provide more adequate isolation of Walker's carcinossarcoma cells. Rapamycin greatly inhibited tumor growth when used alone or in association with cyclosporin micro-emulsion or MMF. MMF when used alone in this model attenuated Walker's carcinossarcoma growth but this inhibitory effect was lost when MMF is used in combination with CsA. There was no synergism in the association Rapa + MMF in the inhibition of tumor growth The antiproliferative effect of Rapa or MMF was lost when either drug was administered in presence of a established tumor. Tipo: Tese

Perfil clínico epidemiológico e avaliação sérica de estresse oxidativo em pacientes com Transtorno de Espectro Autista sob o tratamento de Metilfenidato

Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Perfil clínico epidemiológico e avaliação sérica de estresse oxidativo em pacientes com Transtorno de Espectro Autista sob o tratamento de Metilfenidato Autor(es): Nogueira, Amaurilio Oliveira Abstract: Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by changes in neurological development and impairments in social interaction and communication, with the presence of repetitive and stereotyped behaviors. The use of methylphenidate in children diagnosed with ASD has contradictory results and there is no generalized benefit. Therefore, this study aimed to draw a clinical and epidemiological profile, to evaluate behavioral changes and levels of oxidative stress in the blood of patients with Autistic Spectrum Disorder. The study included 124 children and adolescents aged up to 17 years old, registered at the Center for Child Psychosocial Care (CAPSi) of the municipal health network of Fortaleza, from September 2017 to February 2019, where an interview was conducted with parents and the CARS (Childhood Autism Rating Scale) scale for the assessment. After behavioral assessment for 12 weeks, an educational booklet was applied; previously validated, directed to parents with information about the pathology, treatment and frequent doubts. After the behavioral evaluation stage, the biological material (blood) was obtained from all participants in each group for oxidative stress analysis. The sample of 124 participants showed that 39 (31.4%) were classified as non-autistic, 45 (36.2%) moderate autistic, 40 (32.2%) severe autistic, and had an average age of 5 years. for children with moderate autism and 3 years when diagnosed with the disorder. It was also possible to identify aspects related to the severity of patients diagnosed with ASD, with a predominance of moderate degree in males with 39 cases (34.8 ± 0.42) and among females, more severe records were observed, with 30 cases (48.9 ± 0.90), in addition to the percentages of mothers with viral infection evidenced during the completion of the clinical chart, which was applied to a total of 83 mothers surveyed. The number of patients exposed to drug abuse during the gestational period corresponded to 81 (65%) of the total of 124 individuals. Only 43 (53%) had moderate ASD and 38 (47%) out of 81 children. There were 28 male patients with moderate autism and 15 (34%) of a total of 43 female individuals. The number of patients with the highest severity of the disorder totaled 38 individuals, 30 of whom were male and 8 female. The application of CARS in children with ASD who started drug support with Risperidone, methylphenidate or both in combination with no other alternative therapy within 30 to 90 days. The results show that the group with severe ASD that used methylphenidate alone showed a reduction in CARS score (40.6 ± 0.79) when compared to the group without ASD (51.6 ± 0.97), In addition to the continued use of methylphenidate alone or in combination with Risperidone, it causes a reduction in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and increases serum GSH levels. It is concluded that the use of methylphenidate after 12 weeks of evaluation has reduced CARS score and reduces reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and improves an antioxidant system pathway that corresponds to glutathione-related extrinsic pathway. Tipo: Dissertação

Avaliação da interferência de imunossupressores no desenvolvimento de metástases em ratos inoculados com um fibro-histiocitoma maligno de baixo índice metastático

Sat, 01 Jan 2000 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Avaliação da interferência de imunossupressores no desenvolvimento de metástases em ratos inoculados com um fibro-histiocitoma maligno de baixo índice metastático Autor(es): Campos, Patricia Bonavides de Castro Abstract: Metastasis is responsible for death in the majority of cancer patients. Metastases are secondary tumors that grow out from heterogenous populations of primary malignant tumors, which possibly occurs when these cellular populations escape jfrom the immunologic surveillance and colonise at distant sites. The participation of the immune system is important in immunogenic tumors to reduce malignancy. Cyclosporme (CS) is a prototype of a generation of immunosuppressive drugs widely used in organ transplantation and autoimmune disease. CS acts by mhibitmg the function of T helper cells. The subject of this work was to determine the mfluence of C S m the development of metastasis fi-om a low metastatic tumor (fibrous histiocytoma T.E.G.S. 2047), maculated s.c. (suspension of 10 cells/rat). Comparison was made with other traditional immunosuppressant drugs: Azathioprin (AZA), methylprednisolone (MP), and with a new drug, Mycophenolate mofetil or CellCept (MMF). The latter is a pro dmg of mycophenolic acid, and mhibits specifically lymphocyte proliferation, and blocks the glycosylation of protems mvolved m the intercellular adhesion of lymphocytes and monocytes to endothelial cells. The study was performed on Wistar rats, 4-6 weeks old. Our results showed that in the ammals treated with CS (10 nig/Kg/day) the incidence of lung metastasis increased from 0% in our control groups (animals with tumors and without immunosuppressor treatment), to 72,72% (p<0,01). This value was significantly higher with respect to AZA or MP (p<0,01). CS also increased the tumor volume of the prmiary tumors with respect to the other groups. The animals treated with AZA (4 mg/Kg/day) and MP (1 mg/Kg/day) showed a significat mcrease m the mcidence of lung metastasis (p<0,05), 43,75% and 50%, respectively. With respect to MMF it did not cause any metastasis m our model, probably due to its effect on adhesion molecules. Hematological studies showed ymphopenia in the animals treated with CS and MP, and a lymphocytosis and neutrophilia m the ones treated with MMF. Our findmgs suggest the active participation of the dmgs used m the classic immunosuppressive scheme (CS/ AZA/ MP), mamly CS m the inhibition of mechanisms involved m the immunologic surveillance of this tumor. Our results with MMF may suggest a possible blockade at the level of adhesion molecules, could block another step m the metastatic cascade, the adhesion ofmetastatic cells to the endothelium. Tipo: Dissertação