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Estudo analítico da associação da doença de Hodkin com o vírus de Epstein-Barr em uma região tropical: Comparação com dados oriundos de pesquisas em regiões com distintos níveis de desenvolvimento social e econômico

Thu, 01 Jan 1998 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Estudo analítico da associação da doença de Hodkin com o vírus de Epstein-Barr em uma região tropical: Comparação com dados oriundos de pesquisas em regiões com distintos níveis de desenvolvimento social e econômico Autor(es): Leite, Lindomagno Pessoa Abstract: Many studies have shown that Hodgkin’s disease (HD) is associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in a substantial number of cases, and that in these cases EBV DNA is localized exclusively in Reed-Stemberg (RS) cells. In the present study, we carried out an analytic analysis in a sample with 50 HD cases from Ceara, Northeast Brazil. The sample was divided in two main groups: group aged less than 18 years old (infant-juvenile) and group aged more than 18 years old (adult). Chi-square (X2) test was performed to analyses the possible relation of EBV in each age group with the histopathologic subtypes of HD. The possible correlation between economic development and positiveness for EBV was also evaluated. For this purpose, data from 15 different geographic and economic areas were analysed using the Spearman coefficient. The development was evaluated according to the Human Development Rate. The results suggest a strong association between EBV and HD in Ceara State. It is more evident in the infant-juvenile group and in the subtype mixed cellularity. Besides, it shows an inverse relationship between regional development and positiviness into HD sample. Tipo: Dissertação

Cânceres orofaríngeos em mulheres: carcinogênese, risco relativo, incidência e tendência de mortalidade (1996-2023)

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Cânceres orofaríngeos em mulheres: carcinogênese, risco relativo, incidência e tendência de mortalidade (1996-2023) Autor(es): Sousa, Zildenilson da Silva Abstract: This dissertation is composed of four chapters, which respectively aimed to: (1) summarize the evidence on the implications of the HPV16 oncoproteins E6 and E7 in cervical and oropharyngeal carcinogenesis, as well as their potential use in the development of diagnostic tests and therapeutic vaccines; (2) assess the relative risk of oropharyngeal malignancies in women treated for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the uterine cervix (HSIL [CIN 2/3]); (3) analyze temporal trends and the spatial distribution of oropharyngeal cancer diagnoses among the Brazilian female population between 2013 and 2023; and (4) analyze spatiotemporal trends in mortality from oropharyngeal cancers among women in Brazil from 1996 to 2023.In Chapter 1, a scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The study protocol was registered on the Open Science Framework (OSF). The findings indicate that the E6/E7 oncoproteins are associated with clinically relevant implications, including their use as biomarkers for screening and prognosis of cervical and oropharyngeal cancers. Their modulation has also been explored as a therapeutic target, with potential impact on early diagnosis and vaccine development.In Chapter 2, a systematic review was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). A total of 1,337 studies were retrieved, of which only five met the inclusion criteria. The results suggest that women treated for HSIL have an increased risk of developing oropharyngeal neoplasms compared with those without such lesions.Chapters 3 and 4 comprised ecological epidemiological studies. Incidence and mortality data were obtained from the Oncologia Brasil Panel, and population data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Trend analyses were performed using the Joinpoint Regression Program, and spatial distribution analyses using TerraView. In Chapter 3, 4,250 cases of oropharyngeal cancers in women were identified between 2013 and 2023. The highest number of diagnoses occurred among women aged 50–69 years (n = 2,454; 57.74%). An increasing trend was observed in the North, Northeast, Southeast, and South regions, with p-values ranging from <0.001 to 0.017, and a significant average annual percent change (AAPC) (p = 0.002). Most tumors were diagnosed at advanced stages (TNM stages III and IV; n = 2,330; 82.56%). Spatial autocorrelation analysis was statistically significant (p = 0.015).In Chapter 4, a total of 6,629 deaths from oropharyngeal cancers in women were recorded between 1996 and 2023. The most affected age group was 50–69 years (n = 5,781; 87.23%). Most women were White (n = 3,254; 49.74%), widowed (n = 2,132; 32.14%), and had no formal education (n = 1,531; 23.12%). Temporal trend analysis indicated an annual increase of 3.32% (95% CI: 2.76–3.89; p < 0.001). In the macroregional analysis, the Northeast showed a marked increase between 1996 and 2008 (APC = 9.15%; 95% CI: 6.90–15.19), followed by a deceleration between 2008 and 2023 (APC = 3.59%; 95% CI: −0.53–5.13). Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed variable statistical significance (p-values ranging from 0.001 to 0.008).Overall, the HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins play a role in the dysregulation of cellular pathways, constituting viable biomarkers for early diagnosis and strategic targets for vaccine development. The finding that women previously treated for HSIL have an increased risk of developing oropharyngeal neoplasms reinforces the hypothesis of viral persistence or reactivation as an etiopathogenic link between these malignancies. From an epidemiological perspective, the upward trends in both incidence and mortality from oropharyngeal cancers among women highlight the need for integrated screening strategies and early intervention. Tipo: Dissertação

Expressão de DLL3 e ASCL1 e sua relação com aspectos clínico-patológicos no carcinoma de pequenas células do pulmão

Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Expressão de DLL3 e ASCL1 e sua relação com aspectos clínico-patológicos no carcinoma de pequenas células do pulmão Autor(es): Ferreira, Samuel Silva Abstract: Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is a cancer subtype characterized by the presence of small cells with a neuroendocrine phenotype. It accounts for 15% of lung tumors and becomes a very challenging disease due to therapeutic limitations and poor prognosis with a short survival time. In recent years, the activity of the protein acetate scute homologue 1 (ASCL1) has been identified as a neuroendocrine regulator associated with the progression of SCLC. The activity of the protein Delta Like Ligand 3 (DLL3) has also been observed as a regulator of the Notch protein, which has a tumor suppressor role. Clinical studies were then developed with pharmacological inhibitors that target DLL3, leading in 2024 to the approval of Tarlatamab, which targets DLL3 and CD3 lymphocytes. The present study sought to evaluate the expression of DLL3 and ASCL1 and correlate with other neuroendocrine proteins of SCLC, as well as survival. A retrospective cross-sectional cohort study was conducted with 84 cases diagnosed with SCLC in Fortaleza-CE. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for DLL3, ASCL1, TTF1 and KI67 was performed on the paraffin blocks of the patients included in the study. The slides were scanned and evaluated using QuPath software. Statistical analyses of association with Student's t-test, correlation with Pearson's test, survival assessment by log-rank and multivariate analysis with COX logistic regression were performed based on the results and clinical-pathological data obtained. In the study, an association was identified between TTF1 proteins with DLL3 and ASCL1, indicating that patients with higher positivity for TTF1 had higher expression of DLL3 and ASCL1. A statistical correlation was also observed between TTF1 and DLL3 and the relationship between ASCL1 and survival, with cases negative for ASCL1 having lower survival. The present study is a pioneering study in the evaluation of DLL3 and ASCL1 in the region, and the high positivity of these proteins indicates a new therapeutic possibility for patients in Ceará, in addition to generating a new perspective on the complex carcinogenic mechanism of SCLC. Tipo: Dissertação

Valor prognóstico da expressão de Fosfatidilinositol-3 Quinases Alfa e Gama em pacientes com câncer colorretal

Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Valor prognóstico da expressão de Fosfatidilinositol-3 Quinases Alfa e Gama em pacientes com câncer colorretal Autor(es): Conceição, Jordana Vasconcelos Valente da Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in Brazil and develops, in most cases, from benign lesions such as edematous and serrated polyps. It is a multifactorial disease influenced by genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, as well as by regulators of cell proliferation, including tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. Class I phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases (PI3Ks) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several clinical conditions, including cancer and autoimmune diseases. Thus, the present study evaluated the expression of PI3K alpha and gamma isoforms in patients with colorectal cancer. This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, analytical study that included 72 patients diagnosed with colon and rectal cancer. The inclusion criteria were patients with a histopathological diagnosis of colon and rectal adenocarcinoma from the Haroldo Juaçaba Hospital, Cancer Institute of Ceará. Sociodemographic, clinical, and pathological data were collected. Additionally, the blocked samples were processed for immunofluorescence to quantify PI3Kα and PI3Kγ expression. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's test, GraphPad Prism software, version 8.01, and SPSS version 17.0, with significance set at p < 0.05. The results showed that 52.77% of patients were male, with a median age of diagnosis of 60 (55.56%; n=40). Regarding cancer characteristics, statistical significance (p<0.05) was observed for rectal topography (66.67%; n=48; p=0.036). Additionally, 98.6% (n=71) of the tumors were graded as moderately differentiated, and 41.6% (n=30) were clinically staged as II, 25% (n=18) as III, 18.05% (n=13) as I, and 15.28% (n=11) as IV. Distant metastasis was detected in 18% of patients, with the liver being the most common site of metastasis (46.16%; n=6), followed by the lung (15.38%; n=11) and more than one site (38.46%; n=5). Regarding treatment, 84.72% of patients underwent chemotherapy, among which there was a predominance of exclusively adjuvant therapeutic regimens (31.94%, n=23) and the combination of neoadjuvant and adjuvant radiotherapy (31.94%, n=23). Among the patients analyzed, 45.2% died. Regarding the presence of comorbidities and habits, they were diagnosed with hypertension (43.0%; n=31), diabetes (49.1%; n=29; p<0.05), smoking (49.1%; n=29; p=0.05), and alcoholism (41.5%; n=22). In addition, 58.46% of patients had a family history of cancer. It was concluded that increased expression of PI3K alpha and gamma isoforms is associated with rectal CCR, contributing to the worse prognosis of this disease. Tipo: Dissertação