http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/23911 Sun, 31 May 2026 08:31:56 GMT 2026-05-31T08:31:56Z http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/86403 Título: Não mate o mensageiro: imunidades diplomáticas e a continuidade consuetudinária no direito internacional Autor(es): Guedes, João Felipe Girão Abstract: In this work, International Relations Theory and Diplomatic Law are analyzed to argue that Public International Law is not an exclusive creation of the Modern Era or the Late Middle Ages, but rather a continuous cultural heritage, inherent to the interaction between civilizations. The study demonstrates how the principles for the protection of diplomatic agents have remained constant from Antiquity to contemporary codification. The research is based on bibliographic and documentary review, employing a method of Aristotelian essentialism to seek historical continuity in interstate relations. The first chapter establishes the theoretical bases, highlighting the origin of immunity in the Greco-Roman tradition of Ne Nuntium Necare and discussing the concepts of State and Legal-International Sovereignty. The second chapter carries out a comparative analysis of historical cases, with the study of Al Ghazal's mission to the Viking court demonstrating the application of the Functional Necessity Theory and State Reciprocity in a medieval context. Also in the second chapter, an analysis of Track 2 Diplomacy as a mechanism of Soft Power is conducted, with examples such as Marco Polo in the Mongol Empire and Dennis Rodman in the United States, revealing the strategic and perennial use of non-state agents to circumvent hostility and ensure channels of communication. Finally, the third chapter addresses the positivation of customs, detailing the overcoming of the Representative and Extraterritoriality Theories and the normative culmination in the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 1961, which enshrines the Functional Necessity Theory and maintains the applicability of customary norms, confirming their fundamentality and the historical continuity of Diplomatic Law. It concludes that the respect for these customs, translated into norms, reflects the legal essence of the human necessity to seek peaceful communication and international stability. Tipo: TCC Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/86403 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/86402 Título: O poder de veto no conselho de segurança das Nações Unidas uma análise do uso do veto para fins geopolíticos e a deterioração do direito internacional público Autor(es): Muniz, João Carlos Matias Abstract: The present work aims to analyze the veto power of the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council in favor of their own geopolitical interests and the resulting damage to the effectiveness of Private International Law. Initially, the composition of the main organs of the United Nations Organization is analyzed, with a special focus on the three most important, namely: The Security Council, the General Assembly, and the International Court of Justice. Next, some of the main wars that have involved or are still involving the broad participation of some of the permanent members of the Security Council are studied, and how their involvements are, in fact, to cover their own geopolitical interests rather than honoring their promises to seek world peace and security at the time the United Nations Organization was created. Finally, the various proposals for reforming the Security Council are analyzed to bring the UN closer to its principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations. The study was essentially carried out through documentary research and bibliographic review, based on the evaluation and interpretation of the collected information. It was concluded that, although the United Nations Security Council guarantees the effectiveness of the UN, in the sense of making it functional in some way—otherwise it would have suffered the same fate as the League of Nations—an urgent reform of the Security Council is necessary, as the current format greatly contributes to the free satisfaction of the permanent members' own geopolitical interests. Tipo: TCC Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/86402 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/86401 Título: A proteção constitucional do direito à saúde: os desafios jurídicos voltados ao acesso de medicamentos e tratamentos em meio aos impactos de ordem financeira Autor(es): Luz, Jeovania Torres de Alencar da Abstract: Brazil, despite being a large and populous country, has had the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS) since 1988; however, the Brazilian legal system faces several challenges in guaranteeing the right to health. The general objective of this study is to present the configuration of the right to health in Brazil, highlighting legal obstacles and perspectives. The specific objectives are: to present the right to health as a human right; to demonstrate the health-related legislation in Brazil; and to analyze the legal challenges in the effective realization of the right to health. This study is justified by the fact that health is a right of all and a duty of the State; however, it presents shortcomings that generate criticism and judicialization by society. Consequently, it becomes challenging for both citizens and the judiciary, since, although health is a guaranteed right, existing failures lead to judicial intervention. Thus, the study is guided by the following research question: Has the judicialization of health in Brazil, in light of the challenges faced, proven to be effective and humane? The research method used is bibliographic, qualitative, and descriptive. Content selection was carried out through well-known platforms such as Scielo and academic repositories, as well as books and materials from government websites. The results indicate the importance of constitutional protection of health to ensure the fulfillment of health rights, as the legal sector faces challenges arising from lawsuits requesting access to medicines and treatments when users are unable to afford them due to the financial constraints faced by the SUS. The study concludes that the determinations and guidelines of the SUS must be enforced and updated in accordance with ongoing changes in the health sector, in order to benefit both users and the judiciary. Tipo: TCC Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/86401 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/86366 Título: Direitos Humanos na Guiné-Bissau: impactos na proteção dos Direitos Fundamentais (2014–2025) Autor(es): Uldely, Jairson Seco Abstract: This study analyzes the human rights situation in Guinea-Bissau through a comparative examination of the democratic period (2014–2019) and the period of political instability and exception (2020–2025). The objective is to understand how the political and institutional context affected the effectiveness of fundamental rights in the country. The research adopts a qualitative methodology, based on bibliographic and documentary analysis, including international reports and theoretical frameworks from international human rights law. The findings indicate that, despite the existence of a normative framework aligned with international standards, the protection of human rights in Guinea-Bissau remains fragile due to political instability, institutional weakness, and insufficient public policies. The study concludes that the effectiveness of human rights in the country depends on strengthening the rule of law, democratic consolidation, and the presence of independent institutions committed to human dignity. Tipo: TCC Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/86366 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z