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Componentes de origem animal e vegetal na conservação do sêmen de pequenos ruminantes

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Componentes de origem animal e vegetal na conservação do sêmen de pequenos ruminantes Autor(es): Silva, Lucas dos Santos Abstract: Artificial insemination is recognized for its practicality, both economically and in terms of efficiency, in ensuring the genetics of high-yield animals, with semen preservation being an essential part of this process to guarantee fertility. Thus, the objective of this review was to present research and studies that prove the importance of animal and plant-based diluents in the preservation of refrigerated or cryopreserved semen from small ruminants. The processes for semen preservation are refrigeration and cryopreservation; however, the use of these methods results in significant damage to spermatozoa, affecting metabolism, especially mitochondrial function, decreasing enzymatic activity related to oxidative phosphorylation, decreasing ATP production, and reflecting in a decrease in sperm motility. In goats, cooling the semen causes marked damage due to the active presence of phospholipases and lipases in the seminal plasma, a characteristic specific to the species. In sheep, although the activity of these enzymes is lower, prolonged cooling also impairs sperm quality, increasing the number of cells with compromised membranes. Diluents should contain an efficient buffer system, such as sodium phosphate, sodium citrate, TRIS (tris-hydroxymethylaminomethane), or TES (N-tris(hydroxymethyl) methyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid). In addition, energy sources such as glucose and fructose, as well as cryoprotectants, must be present. Diluents must contain an efficient buffer system, such as sodium phosphate, sodium citrate, TRIS (tris-hydroxymethylaminomethane), or TES (N-tris(hydroxymethyl) methyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid). In addition, energy sources such as glucose and fructose must be present, as well as external cryoprotectants such as egg yolk or animal milk, and internal cryoprotectants such as glycerol (GLY) and ethylene glycol (EG). In contrast to animal-derived diluents, plant-derived diluents are used for their antioxidant action, which protects against oxidative stress, as well as plant compounds that act physically and chemically on the lipids present in the membrane. Therefore, semen diluents have proven to be essential in semen preservation. Animal-derived diluents are the most widely used due to their known efficiency, and various plant-derived diluents are emerging as promising alternatives to replace animal-derived ones. Tipo: TCC

Bem-estar animal: uma revisão bibliográfica com enfoque na produção de ovinos, suínos e aves no Brasil

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Bem-estar animal: uma revisão bibliográfica com enfoque na produção de ovinos, suínos e aves no Brasil Autor(es): Carvalho, Ana Caroline Vieira de Abstract: Animal welfare has become an important measure for monitoring quality of life for good production development. Animals that are in an environment with minimal stress and that achieve good physiological functioning bring more satisfactory results to producers who can then be inserted into a production pattern with greater opportunities. This review study will address a brief history of scientific questions about animal welfare, highlighting the main theoretical references that underpin this science. The study of animal behavior has been a useful and widely used tool for assessing welfare, with significant methodological improvements over time. Mental states and emotions have since become a fundamental part of animal welfare assessment. More recently, the relationship between cognition and emotions has been explored in order to allow mental states to be objectively assessed. Knowledge of the functional relationships between the animal and the environment brings benefits in adopting measures that benefit both. Tipo: TCC

Boas práticas de ordenha em propriedades rurais no município de Jucás, CE: qualidade físico-química e contagem de células somáticas do leite de cabra cru

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Boas práticas de ordenha em propriedades rurais no município de Jucás, CE: qualidade físico-química e contagem de células somáticas do leite de cabra cru Autor(es): Bastos, Cláudia Gabriela Andrade Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical-chemical quality and somatic cellcount of raw goat milk produced in the municipality of Jucas, Ceará, before and aftertraining dairy goat farmers in good hygiene practices during milking and the adoptionof the continuous use of the Embrapa Manual Milking kit® for Dairy Goats. Raw milksamples were collected from eight family farms, using manual (n=5) and mechanical(n=3) milking methods. In the first moment, raw goat milk was collected directly fromthe farms to characterize the quality of the milk produced. In a second moment, trainingwas offered to producers on good hygiene practices in milking, accompanied by thedelivery of the Embrapa Manual Milking kit® for Dairy Goats. In the third moment, aftercontinuous use of the kit and adoption of the techniques previously recommended bythe producers, the final collection of goat milk was conducted. The samples were sentto the Milk Clinic – ESALQ (Piracicaba/SP) for analysis of the variables fat, protein,lactose, total solids, defatted dry extract, somatic cell count, and urea nitrogen. Thedata were submitted to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, and to ascertain theeffect of training, Student's t-test for paired samples was applied, considering asignificance level of 5%. Statistical analyses were conducted using RStudio software.The results indicated that there was no statistical difference (p>0.5) in milk componentsfor the averages obtained before and after training, except for lactose (p<0.05).Training in good milking hygiene practices, associated with the use of the EmbrapaManual Milking kit®, although not increasing the quality of goat milk produced in theregion, contributed to maintaining it, indicating that the adoption of hygienic milkingtechniques and the provision of training can assist in the search for standardizationand consistency of goat milk quality indicators Tipo: TCC

Características morfofisiológicas e químico-bromatológicas do capim-aruana adubado com farelo de mamona

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Características morfofisiológicas e químico-bromatológicas do capim-aruana adubado com farelo de mamona Autor(es): Silva, Amanda Monteiro da Abstract: Brazil has a high livestock production potential based on pastures, whose productivity depends on proper management, mainly fertilization. In this context, castor bean by-products stand out as a sustainable alternative, although they are still little studied as organic fertilizers in tropical pastures. This study aimed to evaluate the use of castor bean meal as an organic fertilizer on Aruana grass (Megathyrsus maximus cv. Aruana), focusing on its morphophysiological and chemical-bromatological characteristics. A completely randomized design was adopted, with different doses of castor bean meal (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 g per pot) and five replications (10 dm³ pots). Two 30-day production cycles were evaluated. Data were subjected to normality (Shapiro–Wilk) and homoscedasticity (Levene) tests to verify the basic assumptions for analysis of variance. Subsequently, the results were analysed using analysis of variance and regression analysis. In the regression analysis, model selection was based on the significance of linear and quadratic coefficients using Student’s t test (P < 0.05), with the SAS software as a statistical analysis tool (SAS Institute, 2015). In the first cycle, a positive linear response was observed for leaf elongation rate (LER), total leaf senescence rate (TLSR), canopy height, number of new leaves (NNL), total harvestable forage biomass (THFB), harvestable green leaf biomass (HGLB), harvestable green stem biomass (HGSB), harvestable dead forage biomass (HDFB), and crude protein (CP) as castor bean meal doses increased. Tiller population density (TPD) and relative chlorophyll index (RCI) showed quadratic responses, reaching maximum values of 46.34 tillers and 38.18 SPAD units at doses of 71.58 g and 83.31 g, respectively. Mineral matter (MM) content also showed a quadratic response, but negative, with a minimum value of 8.65% at the dose of 59.75 g. Reductions were observed in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents. In the second cycle, changes in plant response were observed: although total forage biomass, green leaf biomass, green stem biomass, dead forage biomass, and canopy height maintained a positive linear increase, the leaf-to-stem ratio (L/S) and mineral matter content showed a negative linear effect. Dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) exhibited positive and negative quadratic effects, with maximum and minimum values of 25.58% at 51.71 g and 5.98% at 36.75 g, respectively. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and stem elongation rate (SER) showed positive linear behavior. It is concluded that castor bean meal is an efficient organic fertilizer, and a dose of 11.587,10 kg ha⁻¹ is recommended, determined from the average of the maximum values observed for TPD, and RCI, which showed positive quadratic responses. This dose optimizes productive characteristics; however, appropriate management regarding application frequency is essential to maintain production stability and pasture quality over time. Tipo: TCC