http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/75290 2026-06-02T19:09:07Z 2026-06-02T19:09:07Z Silva, Francisco Luanderson da http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/84702 2026-02-11T11:13:51Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Título: Avaliação físico-química e ecotoxicológica de solos contaminados por resíduos sólidos urbanos no semiárido brasileiro Autor(es): Silva, Francisco Luanderson da Abstract: The improper disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) in open dumps is a source of environmental degradation, with the potential to alter the physical and chemical properties of the soil and generate ecotoxicological effects on terrestrial organisms. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil contamination at the active landfill in the municipality of Crateús, Ceará, through the integration of physical-chemical analyses and ecotoxicological tests with seeds. Soil samples were collected at five points, three inside the landfill (P1, P2, and P3) and two outside (P4 and P5), 500 m and 2 km away, respectively. The samples were characterized in terms of pH, moisture, actual density, electrical conductivity, and particle size, following EMBRAPA methodologies. The ecotoxicological assessment was performed in accordance with ISO 11269-2, using seeds of Lactuca sativa and Allium cepa, maintained at 80% water retention capacity, a temperature of 23 ± 2 °C, and a 12-hour photoperiod. The pH values ranged from 7.7 to 8.9, characterizing alkaline soils, while moisture content was low (0.3 to 8.4%). Soil analysis in the landfill area revealed strong compaction, with actual density varying between 2.52 and 2.69 g·cm⁻³, and a predominance of the sand fraction, which decreases in the inner points. Ecotoxicological tests indicated that this contamination severely compromises plant development, especially Lactuca sativa, which showed a drastic reduction in germination (less than 50% at point P3) and a statistically significant delay in stem and leaf growth. A spatial gradient was observed: the closer to the disposal area (points P1, P2, and P3), the greater the phytotoxic effects, while distance from the contaminating source allows for attenuation of these impacts. In addition, the reduction in fresh and dry mass suggests that leachates and contaminants present in the soil cause physiological stress, interfering with water absorption and tissue production. It is concluded that the association between physicochemical parameters and biological responses evidenced the presence of phytotoxicity in landfill soils, demonstrating the effectiveness of the integrated approach for ecological risk assessment. Tipo: TCC

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z Nunes, Iago Furtado http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/84683 2026-02-10T14:30:04Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Título: Avaliação fitotoxicológica e físico-química de solos sob influência de lixão ativo no município de Crateús-CE utilizando allium cepa e lactuca sativa Autor(es): Nunes, Iago Furtado Abstract: The inadequate disposal of municipal solid waste is one of the greatest environmental challenges in Brazil, especially in the northeast region, where the persistence of disposal in landfills compromises the quality of natural resources. Leachate, a polluting liquid that originates from decomposition of solid waste, can cause contamination by carrying heavy metals, salts, and organic compounds that infiltrate the soil. Given this scenario, the objective of this work was to investigate the environmental quality of the soil in the area of the active municipal landfill of Crateús, in Ceará, seeking to understand how the presence of these wastes alters the chemical characteristics of the soil and whether these changes can harm the initial development of plants and to evaluate the feasibility of phytotoxicological assays for monitoring the area. To perform this investigation, three collection sites were selected: two points located in the waste disposal area (P1 and P2) and a third point located about 500 meters away (P3), serving as a reference for soil in its natural state for comparison purposes. In the laboratory, physicochemical analyses of the soil were performed, and subsequently, the samples underwent an extraction process to remove the substances present, and the extracts obtained were tested on onion (Allium cepa) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds. The final extract was reconstituted with acetone, which is a solvent that can present toxicity in moderate to high concentrations; therefore, the ecotoxicological tests were performed with a 0.1% dilution of these extracts. Chemical analyses revealed that the landfill soil has some important alterations, such as the presence of arsenic at Point 1 at levels above the investigation value recommended by CONAMA Resolution No. 420, in addition to a high amount of salts and ammonium at Point 2, which is an older disposal area. However, when observing the behavior of the seeds, the results showed that the soil toxicity is low and does not affect the entire area equally. At Point 1, the seeds showed germination and initial root development. At Point 2, a difficulty in the growth of lettuce roots was noted, which seems to be more related to the excess of salts and soil salinity. The study concludes that, although there are warning signs in the chemical composition of the soil, such as arsenic and salinity, the potential to cause immediate damage to plants is small under the observed conditions. Tipo: TCC

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z Silva, Gabriel Costa da http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/82447 2025-09-09T18:55:20Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Título: Desenvolvimento de um índice para avaliação do risco à potabilidade integrando o e-IQUAS à análise multicritérios Autor(es): Silva, Gabriel Costa da Abstract: Groundwater from regional aquifers is a strategic source to meet water demand in the semi-arid region of Brazil, especially during drought periods. This study presents the assessment of the risk to the potability of these waters based on the e-IQUAS-ARAS index, developed from the e-IQUAS index and integrated with multicriteria analysis. Similar to e-IQUAS, the parameters are organized into “Alteration Groups” and scored through the minimum operator, followed by decision-making models: Gaussian AHP, applied to obtain the weights of the Alteration Groups, and the ARAS Method for the analysis of water samples. Thus, the two multicriteria analysis models calculate the distance of each sample from the optimal potability option, assigning weights that reflect the regional specificities of the selected area. Furthermore, the greater the number of samples analyzed, the more accurate the adjustment of these weights becomes, reducing uncertainties and increasing the precision of water sample classification. Data from 370 samples collected between 2023 and 2024 from the Rural Sanitation Integrated System of the Parnaíba River Basin (SISAR-BPA) were used. The results obtained were employed in the elaboration of traffic-light maps of potability risk, evidencing that the index allows a flexible selection of the most relevant physicochemical parameters for human supply and is sensitive enough to indicate critical areas through the evaluation of the region’s waters. Tipo: TCC

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z Parente, Isadora Brandão http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/82239 2025-10-14T19:28:17Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Título: Uso de pesticidas: uma ameaça aos peixes do Rio Poti no semiárido cearense Autor(es): Parente, Isadora Brandão Abstract: The increasing use of pesticides in agriculture, especially triazines and organophosphates, is a warning regarding their effects on aquatic ecosystems, particularly in the semiarid region of Ceará, which is affected by climate change. This study aims to evaluate the presence and effects of these contaminants on the health of fish in the Poti River (CE), in and around the Boqueirão Environmental Protection Area (APA). Samples were collected in the districts of Ibiapaba and Oiticica. The methodology consisted of studying the presence and concentration of contaminants belonging to the triazine and organophosphate classes using gas chromatography and calculating fish health indices: Hepatosomatic Index (HIS), Gonadosomatic Index (GSI), Gastrosomatic Index (GII), and Condition Factor (CF). The results of the chromatographic analyses revealed the presence of atraton, symmetryn, malathion, and chlorpyrifos, which are compatible with pesticides. Health index values revealed that pesticide contamination can be exacerbated by rising temperatures and rainfall shortages, affecting the locomotor system, nutritional status, and body condition, as well as the reproductive capacity of some of the fish studied. Histological analysis of the liver revealed alterations such as melanomacrophages, vacuolization, and necrosis in individuals from both locations, the latter being the most severe and generally irreversible. Statistical, chromatographic, and histological studies, both inside and outside the APA, revealed that the distribution of contamination among the species is similar, demonstrating the persistence of the pollutants. Finally, it can be concluded that the chronic effects of pesticide exposure, combined with the effects of climate change, can compromise fish health and endanger the local aquatic biodiversity. Tipo: TCC

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