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Estudo da composição corporal por absorciometria de dupla emissão de raios X (DEXA) em pacientes com Lipodistrofia Generalizada Congênita

2026-05-05T15:50:24Z

Título: Estudo da composição corporal por absorciometria de dupla emissão de raios X (DEXA) em pacientes com Lipodistrofia Generalizada Congênita Autor(es): Lopes, Fábia Karine de Moura Abstract: Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy (CGL) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by the almost total absence of adipose tissue since birth or childhood, resulting in the accumulation of ectopic fat and the development of metabolic complications. This is a cross- sectional study that analyzed 23 patients with LGC at the Walter Cantídio University Hospital in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, which aimed to describe the body composition of these individuals by dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry and compare with a healthy control group. matched by sex, age, and body mass index (BMI). Socioeconomic data, measurements of circumference and skinfold thickness, body composition data by dual emission X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), clinical parameters, and laboratory tests were collected. Continuous variables were described using mean, standard deviation, and median (minimum-maximum), and categorical variables were described using relative and absolute frequencies. To compare variables between groups, the Mann-Whitney test was used. A significance level of 5% was adopted. Among anthropometric parameters, the majority of patients with LGC had a normal BMI, while neck circumference was significantly greater compared to the control group. When analyzing body composition in adults and the pediatric population with LGC, it was observed that adults had a higher muscle mass index. This finding suggests a possible association with the progression of muscular steatosis or hypertrophy secondary to hyperinsulinemia. A higher relative skeletal muscle mass index was also observed in patients with LGC, compared to healthy individuals. From the fat shadow images, residual pubic fat was evident in all women with lipodystrophy. LGC is an important biological model for studying the relationship between adipose tissue distribution and susceptibility to metabolic diseases. Although this study addresses a significant case series from Brazil, the need for additional studies is highlighted to deepen the understanding of the findings of this research and the mechanisms involved. Tipo: Dissertação

Marcados pela cor: a percepção da discriminação no cotidiano de adultos

2026-04-07T15:16:50Z

Título: Marcados pela cor: a percepção da discriminação no cotidiano de adultos Autor(es): Melo, Caroline Batista Abstract: The concept of race has been widely used to justify hierarchies, inequalities, and marginalization. Growing evidence suggests that Black people experience more discrimination attributed to race/color compared to white people. Currently, there are scales designed to assess the perception of these processes. However, there is still no consensus on which scale can capture, in depth and magnitude, the discriminatory experiences that people with darker skin suffer in society. It is also known that black people have lower levels of education, and that this can influence how these experiences are perceived. Furthermore, there is still a denialism that reaffirms that there is no racial discrimination in Brazil. Given the above, this study aims to verify the association between race/color and experiences of discrimination, regardless of education level, in adult users of Primary Health Care. This is a cross-sectional study with 603 participants from Basic Health Units in Fortaleza (CE) and Belo Horizonte (MG). The response variables were 10 experiences of discrimination in daily life; the explanatory variable considered race/color (white, pardo, and black); and possible confounding and mediating variables were age, sex, and education level. Prevalence ratios (PR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using Poisson regression with robust variance, with a significance level of 5%. After full adjustment for sex, age, and education level, pardo (PR = 1.94; 95% CI = 1.07 - 3.51) and black (PR = 4.23; 95% CI = 2.31 - 7.71) individuals showed higher prevalences of being watched in places like stores compared to white individuals. Black individuals also showed higher prevalences of experiences in which people act as if they were not intelligent (PR = 1.71; 95% CI = 1.23 - 2.38) and were dishonest (PR = 2.33; 95% CI = 1.09 - 4.95). The findings of this study demonstrate that racial discrimination is not an abstract or episodic phenomenon, but manifests itself concretely through the perpetuation of stereotypes related to the black and pardo population. It is concluded that the perceived experiences of discrimination associated with pardo and black individuals were precisely those most related to discriminatory processes due to skin color, especially among self-declared black individuals. And that these mechanisms were direct and independent of schooling. However, the study population, being users of the Unified Health System (SUS) and consequently of lower socioeconomic status, may not have captured the more subtle mechanisms of discrimination present in the racist structural system. Tipo: Dissertação

Insegurança alimentar e transtorno mental comum: um estudo realizado com usuários de unidades de atenção primária à saúde

2026-03-27T12:48:00Z

Título: Insegurança alimentar e transtorno mental comum: um estudo realizado com usuários de unidades de atenção primária à saúde Autor(es): Sales, Andressa Eslayne Caldas Abstract: Introduction: Food insecurity (FI), defined as uncertain or limited access to nutritionally adequate and safe food, has been associated with adverse mental health outcomes. However, the manifestation of this link can vary considerably based on the degrees of FI. This scenario remains largely unexplored in Primary Health Care (PHC). Objective: To evaluate the association between FI and the presence of Common Mental Disorders (CMD), somatic symptoms, depressive thoughts, depressive-anxious mood, and decreased vital energy among users of Basic Health Units (BHU). Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study conducted with adults (≥ 18 years) enrolled in 6 BHUs in the cities of Fortaleza-CE and Belo Horizonte-MG. Data collection took place between February 2022 and December 2023 through structured interviews, using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20) to assess response variables, and the Food Insecurity Risk Screening, recommended by the Ministry of Health for use in Primary Health Care to measure exposure. The magnitudes of the associations and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) between food insecurity levels and mental health conditions, somatic symptoms, depressive thoughts, depressive-anxious mood, and decreased vital energy were estimated, adjusted for sex, age, and family income using Poisson regression with robust variance. The significance level was p<0.05. Results: 634 users who attended the BHU were evaluated, with a mean age of 47.7 ± 13.7 years. The majority of the sample consisted of women (82.9%), earning less than 2 minimum wages - R$2142.00 (62.7%) and self-identifying as mixed race/color (54.4%). The prevalences of mild, moderate, or severe food insecurity and mental health disorders were 15.2%, 16.0%, and 45.0%, respectively. After full adjustment for potential confounders, residing in a household with moderate/severe food insecurity was associated with higher prevalence of mental health disorders (PR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.35-1.95) compared to those with food security. Additionally, the presence of moderate/severe food insecurity was statistically associated with higher prevalences of all somatic symptoms, depressive thoughts, depressive-anxious mood, and decreased vital energy measured by the SRQ-20 instrument, except for hand tremors (PR 1.09; 95% CI 0.71-1.68). While those residing in households with mild food insecurity remained associated with higher prevalences of mental health disorders (MTDs) and only with the symptoms of being easily startled; lack of interest in things; feeling worthless in their lives; nervousness, tension, or worry; difficulty thinking clearly; and thoughts of ending their lives, compared to those with food security. Conclusion: Both severe/moderate food insecurity are significantly associated with a higher prevalence of MHDs and symptoms related to somatic complaints, depressive thoughts, depressive-anxious mood, and decreased vital energy among primary health care users, albeit with different magnitudes and patterns. This evidence reinforces the need for intersectoral strategies that integrate food security actions and mental health promotion within the scope of public health policies. Tipo: Dissertação

Desigualdades ocupacionais e acidentes de trabalho no Brasil: evidências e análise comparativa de dois inquéritos nacionais de saúde, 2013–2019

2026-02-25T17:02:01Z

Título: Desigualdades ocupacionais e acidentes de trabalho no Brasil: evidências e análise comparativa de dois inquéritos nacionais de saúde, 2013–2019 Autor(es): Viana, Juliana Antunes Marques Abstract: Workplace accidents constitute a public health problem, as they have wide ranging repercussions and affect a significant portion of the productive sector population. They are intricately associated with socioeconomic factors, economic activities, occupational classes, and biopsychosocial aspects. Although some accidents can be prevented and avoided, they cause productivity losses, injuries, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years. The objective of this study was to analyze the variation in the prevalence of typical workplace accidents (TPAs) in Brazil between 2013 and 2019, identifying associated factors based on population survey data. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the National Health Survey (PNS) from 2013 to 2019. Participants were individuals over 18 years of age, employed during the reference week of the surveys, and who had suffered work-related accidents in the last twelve months. Logistic regression analysis was performed to verify possible associations between the independent variables and work-related accidents. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were obtained. There was a 15% reduction in the chance of a work-related accident occurring from 2013 to 2019 (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.98). The following were significantly associated with the outcome: being male (OR: 1.22 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.48), being of Black race (OR: 1.52 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.98), having studied up to complete elementary school (OR: 1.58 95% CI: 1.09 to 2.27), falling into the 2nd income quintile (OR: 1.37 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.80), and being in the occupational class of Rural Workers (OR: 3.99 95% CI: 2.58 to 6.19). From the 2013 National Health Survey (PNS) to the 2019 survey, the chance of exposure to industrial and mineral dust increased (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.26 to 1.54), but there was a decrease in exposure to prolonged solar radiation (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.73-0.85) and noise (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.72). The data obtained contribute to the development, improvement, and evaluation of public policies on occupational hazards, aiming to mitigate health inequalities. Tipo: Dissertação