Democratização na distribuição espacial de água no nordeste semi-árido e a eficiência hidrológica de um sistema de reservatórios superficiais

Abstract

In a large area of the Northeast Brazil, the construction of superficial reservoirs is an essential condition towards consecution of reliable water supply. For that reason, the occupation of Sertão happened at the same time to the implementation of hydraulic infrastructure, inserted in a major public policy against droughts. The idea of the spatial water distribution democratization through the building of large number of small reservoirs upstream strategic dams is very present in the Semi-arid Northeast. However, the high evaporation rates and the irregularities of the annual discharges, interfere significantly in the superficial reservoirs’ efficiencies. Very often, the strategic reservoir, when analyzed alone, without the influence of the small dams, have greater yield than the system. The present paper intends to study, with stochastic hydrological techniques the trades between the water democratization practice and the hydrological efficiency. As case study is taken a system formed by 38 reservoirs in a very representative basin of Northeast Semi-Arid’s hydrological and morphologic conditions.