Diagnóstico epidemiológico de queimaduras em crianças: educação em saúde como estratégia de prevenção

Abstract

The accidents with burns are part of the context of the traumas in the childhood in our country, contributing in a significant way to increase the infantile mortality rate The accidents avoidable burns is considered, tends in view that most part happen in the domestic atmosphere. We have a study object the need of the prevention work and education to decrease factors that can facilitate in the children's victims of burns. Our objectives are the following ones: To accomplish epidemic investigation of the accidents for burns happened in children, to get the causal factors, to contemplate on the consequences of the accidents with burns in children and to suggest educational strategies, that contribute to prevent accidents with burns. It is a descriptive epidemic nature study, that was developed in the Centrer of Treatment of Burned-CTQ of the Institute Dr. José Frota-DF in the municipal district of Fortaleza - Ceará - Brazil. The form and Extensive direct observation are technical that are integrated valuable for better understanding of the universe of the burns. The population was constituted of 750 children from 0 to 10 years, that suffered accidents with burns in the period from March to December of the year of 1999. For the calculation of the size of the sample the variable age was chosen (months) of the children. A pilot sample was taken and the standard " deviation s " ages of 10 children was calculated, being obtained the value of 38,9 months. Then starting from this calculation the sample was of 120 children. The results demonstrate that the most common causative agent of the bums are the liquids tieated up with 81 (67,5%) with children in the age group from 0 to 2 years old, tends as local main the kitchen and these happen close to the schedules of the meals. We noticed that the people transfer the blame for the objects, tend palliative attitudes for certain agent causative, without noticing the susceptibility of the children to the atmosphere. The depositions show that the people adjust to the fact of something not to have happened more serious or of her to be disabled of accomplishing actions to prevent such event. It is ended, therefore, that this epidemic diagnosis will serve as base to indicate new directions

and to sustain strategies of education works and health, determining in the future the appearance of a reality very different from the one that we lived now, driving the people an understanding on its rights and present duties in the Constitution, such as: reduction of the inherent risks to the work by means of norms of health, hygiene and safety.