Análise da associação entre parâmetros laboratoriais sanguíneos e a gravidade da pré-eclâmpsia em gestantes do nordeste brasileiro

Abstract

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific hypertensive condition that represents one of the main causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. In this sense, blood laboratory tests have been widely used to support the investigation and evaluation of the disease, encompassing hematological, hepatic, and renal markers. The objective was to analyze the association between blood laboratory parameters and the occurrence of preeclampsia in pregnant women from Northeast Brazil. This analytical cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, involved pregnant women attended at the Maternity Ward of the Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Sobral (CE). Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism® 9.0, applying the Shapiro-Wilk, Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney, and Pearson’s chi-square tests, according to the nature of the variables. A significance level of 5% (p<0.05) was adopted. The results showed a significant elevation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia compared to the control group (517.1 vs. 385.5 U/L; p=0.0002), as well as significantly higher blood pressure levels (SBP: 148.8 vs. 112.4 mmHg; DBP: 93.33 vs. 71.2 mmHg; p<0.0001) and a higher frequency of clinical manifestations, especially headache (43%) and scotomas (20%). The other hematological, hepatic, and renal markers did not show a statistically significant difference between the groups. These findings reinforce the role of LDH as a marker of tissue damage in pre-eclampsia and point to the importance of conventional laboratory markers in the context of regional public health.