A ética e a política da revolta em Albert Camus: fundamentos para uma reflexão contemporânea

Abstract

This thesis investigates the ethical foundations of political revolt in the thought of Albert Camus, proposing it not merely as an object of exegesis, but as a methodological tool to ground critical thinking regarding stances to face the global crises of the 21st century. Based on the hypothesis that Camus forged an ethics capable of offering resistance to "dark times," the research unfolds in four movements. First, it analyzes the ontological ground of the absurd and the transition to revolt as a solitary yet solidary response. Next, it examines the maturation of this ethics within the "trilogy of revolt," extracting core pillars such as the notion of limit and the refusal of murder. The third movement situates revolt within Camus's political and journalistic practice, highlighting his critique of rational terror and his libertarian inclinations. Finally, the study operationalizes revolt in the face of contemporary collapses, divided into two axes: socio-environmental and technical collapses, and political and necropolical collapses. The dialogue with contemporary authors dedicated to these themes demonstrates that Camusian revolt remains an active conceptual tool to sustain the demand for limits in a world collapsing across multiple spheres.