Lixões ainda ativos no Brasil: desafios institucionais e lacunas na avaliação de desempenho ambiental

Abstract

The study analyzed the challenges faced by Brazil in closing open dumps following the National Solid Waste Policy (Law Nº.12.305/2010), which established their eradication. Despite defined deadlines, approximately 2,500 dumps remained active, highlighting failures in management and enforcement. The lack of standardized evaluation instruments compromises the effectiveness of actions, especially in smaller municipalities. The objective was to identify institutional, regulatory, and operational gaps and to propose foundations for an environmental assessment system. The methodology included a systematic literature review and analysis of secondary data. The results indicated a lack of technical parameters, scarcity of integrated indicators, and absence of continuous monitoring, as well as the inexistence of a national evaluation model. An Artificial Intelligence-based system with multidimensional indicators is proposed. It is concluded that the integration of technology and management, combined with the standardization of indicators, is essential for the sustainable closure of open dumps.