Análise de áreas de vulnerabilidade a processos erosivos por meio de lógica fuzzy e análise multicritério na bacia hidrográfica do rio Boa Viagem, Ceará, Brasil

Abstract

The present work aimed to use Fuzzy logic and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to identify different levels of vulnerability to erosive processes in the Boa Viagem River basin, Ceará, Brazil. For this, a geographic database was built using the QGIS software, version 3.16-Hanover, based on the criteria Lithology, Geomorphology, Soil, Land use and cover and Climate. Four classes of vulnerability to erosive processes were identified in the basin, which ranged from 1.4 to 2.6, with an average value of 1.9. The results showed that classes with predominance of pedogenetic processes added up to 39.03% of the basin area. The class whose processes represent balance between pedogenesis and morphogenesis represented 58.40%. The class where morphogenetic processes prevail totaled 2.57% of the studied area. Through the use of fuzzy logic and multi-criteria analysis, it was possible to carryout a continuous weighting in accordance with the behavior of environmental variables, allowing an effective representation of reality.