Sistema de detecção e alerta sem fio de acidentes em tratores agrícolas

Abstract

Rollovers and collisions involving agricultural tractors remain among the leading causes of deaths and disabilities in rural areas, despite advancements in machinery and standardized protective devices. In this context, this study developed an in-depth investigation on safety in agricultural mechanization, combining a literature review, regulatory analysis, and an assessment of scientific and patent production. The prospection, supported by bibliometric techniques, made it possible to map trends, identify collaboration networks, and reveal research gaps. A concentration of studies focused on occupational safety, static and dynamic stability, and detection or alarm systems was observed, along with a lack of integrated, low-cost solutions with remote communication capabilities. To address these challenges, the Agricultural Machinery Collision and Rollover Information System (SICCAP) was developed and validated. This electronic device provides passive monitoring and automatic response to critical events, integrating a gyroscope, inertial switch, GPS, GSM, LoRa/WhatsApp communication, and a power cut-off relay. In bench tests, calibration showed a root mean square error of 0.064 on the X-axis and 0.001 on the Y-axis, with activation occurring at 60.45° on the lateral axis and 97.41° on the longitudinal axis, differing by up to 2.63% from the established critical limits. In field tests, the error relative to the analog inclinometer remained below 4%, with greater stability observed in longitudinal displacements due to the larger diameter of the rear tires. The system adequately differentiated driving conditions demonstrated robustness of the inertial switch, and correctly triggered emergency routines. The LoRa module achieved a range of 1,700 m under line-of-sight conditions, ensuring communication redundancy in areas with limited mobile coverage. It is concluded that SICCAP combines accuracy, ease of installation, and low cost, demonstrating robustness for operation under real-world conditions. The device contributes to reducing response time in accidents and enhancing passive safety in agricultural tractors.