Prevalência e severidade de periodontite em diabéticos do Tipo 2 atendidos na atenção primária à saúde: estudo piloto

Abstract

This pilot study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and severity of periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes and to design a representative crosssectional study of patients with diabetes in the municipal health network of Fortaleza. Methods: A sample of individuals diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and at least 50 years of age was recruited through the registration of patients treated at a Primary Care Unit located in Fortaleza-Ceará. The sample size was calculated based on previous studies. A Community Periodontal Index (CPI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) measurements were performed. Based on serum glycated hemoglobin levels, participants were divided into group C (Hb1Ac<7%) – controlled and group D (Hb1Ac≥7%) – uncontrolled. Results: Of the 52 participants evaluated, 24 belonged to group C and 28 to group D. Individuals in group C had a mean age of 63.3±7.8 years, a mean glycated hemoglobin of 6.2±0.5%, a diabetes diagnosis time of 6.4±6.9 years, and 13.5±6.7 teeth. Group D had a mean age of 61.6±7.1 years, a mean glycated hemoglobin of 8.6±1.8%, a diabetes diagnosis time of 10.0±10.6 years, and 12.9±5.8 teeth. Severe periodontitis was present in 20.8% of individuals in group C and in 39.3% of group D. A statistically significant difference was observed for the glycated hemoglobin parameter. Conclusion: Despite showing the highest prevalence of periodontitis found in the uncontrolled group, there was no relationship between increased blood glucose and the presence of periodontitis. The pilot study proved viable, but adjustments are needed for a proper definitive study.