Estabilidade de tensão em geradores síncronos de imãs permanentes (PMSG) e geradores indução por dupla alimentação (DFIG)

Abstract

In recent years, the installed capacity of wind power in the world has increased significantly, mainly due to its low cost as a renewable source. However, this growth has an impact on the voltage stability of the electricity system. In this study, a comparative analysis was carried out by means of a literature review between two generator technologies widely used in wind power generation: the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). To support this investigation, we used data and simulations from scientific articles published in the IEEE and Elsevier journals, as well as conferences organized by the Brazilian Society of Automation. Voltage stability was analyzed in scenarios with constant and variable wind speeds, as well as the level of penetration of wind energy in the electricity system. The results showed that DFIG tends to have the shortest voltage restoration time in small systems. On the other hand, the PMSG showed better performance in large systems and in scenarios with variable speed winds, standing out for its rapid response in voltage recovery and stability after faults, such as short circuits. In the scenario analyzing the level of wind energy penetration, the PMSG obtained the shortest voltage recovery time in small systems at all the penetration levels studied. In large electrical systems, PMSG also had the shortest voltage restoration time, especially as the level of wind energy penetration increased, demonstrating a significant impact on system integration. Based on the articles analyzed, it can be concluded that each technology has its own particularities and performs differently depending on the scenario analyzed.