Análise descritiva de indicadores educacionais da educação básica no Brasil

Abstract

This study aimed to develop an interactive dashboard for analyzing and identifying trends in Brazilian educational indicators, using historical data provided by INEP. The central motivation was to transform large volumes of educational data into intuitive visualizations and actionable insights that could support managers, researchers, and public policy makers in understanding the evolution of educational quality in Brazil. Four main indicators were analyzed: Age-Grade Distortion Rate (TDI), Dropout Rate, Approval Rate, and Failure Rate, covering historical series from 2006 to 2024 (TDI) and 2007 to 2024 (other indicators). The methodology included automated data collection via Python scripts, preprocessing and exploratory analysis, application of linear regression to identify historical trends, and development of an interactive dashboard using FastAPI (backend) and React with TypeScript (frontend). The results revealed consistent and statistically significant improvements in all analyzed indicators: 67% reduction in TDI, 69% in dropout, 56% in failure rates, and 15.5% increase in approval rates. The North and Northeast regions showed the greatest relative improvements, indicating a process of regional convergence. High R2 values (above 0.77) demonstrate that the identified trends are robust and systematic. The developed dashboard is publicly available, enabling interactive data exploration and facilitating regional and temporal comparative analyses.