Uso e ocupação do solo e seus impactos na morfodinâmica costeira do Parque Nacional de Jericoacoara

Abstract

Jericoacoara National Park (PNJ) is a highly complex coastal system where growing pressure from land use and occupation, driven by tourism, threatens the natural dynamics of the dunes. This study aimed to understand the interrelationships between anthropogenic expansion and coastal morphodynamic processes in PNJ. An integrated approach was used, combining multitemporal geoprocessing (1958-2025) for mapping land use and road networks, morphohydrological analysis (MDE), and sedimentological characterization of cross-sections of the coast. The results revealed a reversal of the wind matrix, with a reduction in mobile dunes (from 56,80% to 22.2%) and expansion of the road network (from 6 km to 70.50 km), demonstrating the transition from natural morphodynamics to a system dominated by human intervention. The morpho-hydrological analysis identified that 4x4 vehicle tracks act as artificial erosion channels, disrupting the drainage system and compromising groundwater recharge, which is reflected in the widespread reduction of surface water bodies (-44.44%). Sedimentological characterization reinforced the vulnerability of the system, evidenced by the selectivity of wind transport and the hybrid sedimentological signature. It is concluded that anthropic pressure is the main geomorphic agent of change, and the implications of the study provide essential technical support for the adaptive management of the PNJ, highlighting the need to review the guidelines for use in areas of hydrogeomorphological conflict, aiming at the conservation of ecological integrity and the sustainability of tourism.