Análise tempo-espacial da cobertura vegetal dos sistemas ambientais do município de Morada Nova, através do uso dos índices espectrais de vegetação (2014-2024)

Abstract

This dissertation aims to conduct a geoenvironmental analysis of the municipality of Morada Nova, in the state of Ceará, based on the evaluation of spectral vegetation indices from 2014 to 2024. The study is grounded in understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation cover and its interrelations with environmental and socioeconomic factors, especially within a semiarid context susceptible to environmental degradation. The specific objectives are to analyze the temporal evolution of vegetation spectral indices, identify patterns and trends throughout the historical series, and establish correlations between the indices and vegetation cover conditions. The adopted methodology is characterized by a qualitative-quantitative approach applied to geospatial analysis using remote sensing techniques, with the support of Quantum GIS 3.34.12 software. The NDVI and SAVI indices were employed, calculated from Landsat 8 and 9 (OLI/TIRS) satellite imagery, enabling a detailed temporal analysis of the municipality over the investigated decade. The results reveal significant changes in the geoenvironmental structure, indicating degradation processes that intensify the municipality’s vulnerability to desertification. Located in the Baixo Jaguaribe region and strongly dependent on agricultural and livestock activities, Morada Nova exhibits a territorial dynamic directly influenced by anthropogenic actions, which reinforces the relevance of vegetation monitoring as an essential tool for environmental planning and sustainable territorial management.