Parque Estadual Marinho da Pedra da Risca do Meio: uma análise a partir do método DPSIR como modelo propositivo de gestão

Abstract

Conservation Units play an essential role in maintaining biodiversity and preserving the ecosystem services that sustain traditional communities and economic activities dependent on natural resources. In Brazil, the National System of Conservation Units guides the creation and management of these spaces, seeking to reconcile environmental conservation and sustainable use. However, in contexts where there is a lack of environmental governance in territorial planning, coupled with intensified anthropogenic pressures on marine ecosystems, this results in overlapping uses and institutional fragility of environmental governance mechanisms. Given this scenario, the objective of this study was to conduct a socio-environmental diagnosis and propose planning guidelines for the Pedra da Risca do Meio Marine State Park (PEMPRIM), a fully marine Integral Protection Conservation Unit and the only one of its kind in the state of Ceará. To this end, the DPSIR (Drivers–Pressures–State–Impacts–Responses) method was applied, based on documentary and bibliographic analysis of secondary sources, including the Management Plan, the Environmental and Socioeconomic Sustainability Program, and scientific studies on governance and management effectiveness in Marine Protected Areas. The use of DPSIR in the analysis of the Conservation Units under study allowed for the identification of structural and institutional weaknesses related to enforcement, intersectoral integration, and implementation of the management plan. It was also possible to identify the potentialities existing in the management of the Conservation Units, such as the valorization of traditional knowledge, the strengthening of the management council, and brief environmental education initiatives. In view of the above, this research considered the limitations imposed on the Conservation Units, both physical and institutional, and sought to propose effective solutions that would dialogue with the local reality. Based on this, and given the scarcity of studies in Brazil using the DPSIR method, it sought to demonstrate an analytical tool for adaptive governance, capable of supporting public policies, guiding decisions, and improving the effectiveness of marine management in PEMPRIM and other Brazilian conservation units.