Hospedabilidade de plantas ornamentais e medicinais a Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood (1949), raça 2 e controle alternativo com óleos essenciais.

Abstract

The necessity to control the plant parasitic nematodes existing in a given region is basic condition to proceed to their rational management. Also, it has been the necessity studies of natural products as it will be of great value as a measure of alternative control, especially in organic agricultural. In view of this, this work is proposed to study the hospitability of ornamental and medicinal plants to Meloidogyne incognita race 2 and the alternative control with essential oils. For in such a way, become three tests: the first, evaluate the hospitability of 20 species ofornamental and 10 medicinal plants to M. Incognita race 2; in the second, it is evaluated essential oils of six medicinal species Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt., C. citratus (DC) Strapf., Eucalyptus terenticornis L., Lippia alba L., L. sidoides Cham. and Ocimum gratissimum L., in seven concentrations (0, 0.3125, 0.0625, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 ml.L-1) in control of M. Incognita race 2, in vitro; and in the third, evaluated the nematicidal potential of essential oils of L. sidoides and C. Winterianus in control of M. Incognita race 2 in soil with the species celosia (Celosia plicata L.)and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). Of the results, noted that all ornamental species, except Tagetes patula L., and five of the medical Rosmarinus officinalis L., Mentha arvensis L. Var. Piperascens Malinv. Ex L. H. Bailey, Ocimum bassilicum L., O. gratissimum L., Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. are hosts of M. Incognita race 2. All essential oils proved to be effective in inhibiting outbreak and the death of J2 at concentrations of 5.0 and 10.0 ml.L-1, however, at higher dilutions (<1.25 ml.L-1)only the oils of L. sidoides and C. winterianus were effective. A reproduction of the nematode proved to be less efficient in tomato that in celósia. The essential oils employees reduced the reproductive rate of the knot nematode in 83 and 29% in tomato and celósia respectively. The essential oils of L. sidoides and C. winterianus were more efficient in in vitro assays and are promising for the control of plant parasitic nematode in soil.