Entre políticas e práticas: avaliação do cuidado humanizado em uma casa da gestante, bebê e puérpera em Fortaleza/CE

Abstract

Pregnancy is a sensitive and transformative period in women's lives, marked by intense physical, emotional, and social changes. Therefore, it becomes essential to understand how care and assistance are provided during this cycle, especially in spaces that aim to offer comprehensive care. In light of this, this research evaluated the humanization practices in maternal-fetal health care at a Pregnant Woman, Baby, and Postpartum Woman's House (CGBP) located in Fortaleza-CE, from the perspective of the individuals directly involved in the care process. This study focuses on the Pregnant Woman, Baby, and Postpartum Woman's House because it is a space dedicated to maternal-fetal care. The investigation was guided by the guidelines of public policies for the humanization of care, with emphasis on the National Humanization Policy (PNH), the Stork Network, and the Alyne Network, which guide more welcoming, safe, and respectful practices. Data collection was developed from bibliographic research on central topics in the area of humanization and maternal-fetal health, in addition to documentary research and semi-structured interviews with pregnant women, postpartum women, and health professionals from the institution, seeking to capture perceptions, experiences, and practices surrounding humanized care. This research adopts a qualitative approach, of an exploratory and descriptive nature. As an evaluative perspective, the in-depth evaluation approach proposed by Rodrigues (2008) is adopted, considering its four analytical axes: content analysis, context analysis, institutional trajectory, temporal and territorial spectrum. The data analysis was conducted using the content analysis technique, as proposed by Bardin (2016) and Minayo (2004), analyzing the interpreted central theme, allowing for an accurate reading of the narratives and relationships established in the investigated context. The results indicated that the CGBP (Comprehensive Care for Pregnant Women) does indeed promote humanized and welcoming care; however, there are some issues that deserve attention. The findings of the evaluative research on what needs improvement demonstrate the absence of medical care, limitations in the daily monitoring of pregnant women, delays in ambulance transport, and a lack of specialized support in nutrition, psychology, and neonatology. The users also highlighted the discomfort of the beds and dissatisfaction with the meals. The professionals confirmed these complaints and emphasized the need for in-person training and greater knowledge sharing among the teams. Finally, the creation of the CGBP (House for Pregnant, Baby and Postpartum Women) is part of a process of idealizing increasingly humanized care, concerned with the health and well-being of pregnant and postpartum women. The institution conducts satisfaction surveys with users, in addition to having a space that increasingly seeks comfort and improved service to the population. Therefore, the research showed that the House for Pregnant, Baby and Postpartum Women of Fortaleza promotes welcoming and humanized care, aligned with the guidelines of the National Humanization Policy (PNH) and the Stork Network (Rede Cegonha). However, challenges related to physical structure, transportation, specialized support, and team training persist. It is concluded, therefore, that the CGBP represents an important advance, but one that requires continuous improvement to consolidate comprehensive maternal and child care practices.