Prevalência de anemia ferropriva em crianças na faixa etária de 4 a 12 anos em uma escola do município de Maracanaú - Ceará

Abstract

Iron deficiency anemia is most common type of anemia, it affects children, pregnant and woman of childbearing age. Besides the common symptoms of anemia, when it comes to children, the aggravation of anemia may cause: neuropsychomotor development delay, cell immunity commitment and decreased intellectual capacity. Our study aimed to determine the iron deficiency anemia prevalence between four and 12 years-old individuals. This group was studying in the municipal kindergaten, elementar school Commissioner Francisco Barbosa localized on Maracanaú, Ceará. Blood samples were collected from the students in EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) tube to realization of the hemogram test and serumseparating tubes to serum iron (SI), latent iron-binding capacity (LIBC) measurement. The automated hematology analyzer SYSMEX Kx-21N was utilized in the hemogram. To the SI and LIBC measurement was used a photometric test in a semi automatic spectrophotometer (LABQUEST). Parameters values: Total Iron-binding Capacity (TIBC) and Transferrin Saturation Index (TSI) were obtained by use of formulas. Results found were tabulated in Microsoft Excel®2007. In this software, were obtained the minimum, maximum and mean values, More over, the statistic analysis of graphs and tables were realized using GraphPadPrism® 6.0 by t-student test (p value<0,05). Of the total number of students vanalized, 69 (48%) were male and 75 (52%) were female. Haemoglobin mean were 14,04 ± 0,15 g/dL in males and 14,10 ± 0,13 g/dL in females with highest value in age group between 7 and 9 years old (14,40g/dL). About the iron parameters: male have showed the highest means of SI, LIBC and TIBC (103,2 ± 3,64g/dL, 257,3 ± 6,32g/dL e 360,5 ± 6,42g/dL, respectively); female showed the highest TSI mean value (29,05 ± 0,94%). Age group between four and six years old has showed the highest mean of SI (107,82g/dL), while age group between 10 and 12 years old presented the highest means of LIBC and TIBC (268,78g/dL e 370,56g/dL, respectively). The major mean of TSI was in age group between four and six years old (30,89%). Our findings have demonstrated that, it was not possible to verify iron deficiency anemia prevalence in children, however 0,69% was diagnosed with moderate anemia with normal iron parameters, not being classified as iron deficiency anemia. Nevertheless, 24 students (16,67%) presented iron deficiency without anemia, among them 13 (9,03%) were male and 11 (7,64%) were female. Our data was not in accordance with the literature. However, allowed the analysis of the socio-economic profile ofthe population and associate with the results, we could justify the nonoccurrence of iron deficiency anemia.