Caracterização das infecções do trato urinário diagnosticadas em um laboratório universitário

Abstract

The urinary tract infection is a common disease in both sexes and all ages, characterized by microbial colonization of the urinary tract of individuals, especially enterobacteria such as Escherichia coli. Any condition that may disrupt the normal urinary flow and bladder emptying, or even microorganisms facilitate access to the urinary tract, predisposes the individual to these infections. The identification of the most frequent uropathogens in a given locality and determination of antimicrobial susceptibility profile are aspects of great importance in clinical practice, as they influence the choice of appropriate therapy and treatment success. In order to improve and update this information, this study aimed to characterize urinary infections in patients diagnosed in the Clinical Laboratory and Toxicological Prof. Dr. Litton Eurico Pinheiro de Freitas (LACT). For this we performed a descriptive and retrospective study, using as a tool to duplicate the urine culture reports performed in the laboratory from 2013 to 2015. The project was submitted to the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Ceará by Resolution Nº 466 of the National Council of Health Ministry of Health. 385 urine cultures were analyzed in the period, of which 29.6% were positive. The women were the most affected, accounting for 73.7% of diagnosed cases. The three most frequent uropathogens were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus, with percentages of 57.0%, 15.8% and 8.8%, respectively. In antimicrobial susceptibility testing, the isolated microorganisms were more sensitive to drugs meropenem (90.5%) of cefepime (83.3%) and ceftazidime (80.5%), on the other hand, were more resistant to tetracycline (80 8%), ampicillin (72.6%), cephalothin (67.1%) and others, including some drugs of first choice for the treatment of this pathology, such as trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole, limiting their use in therapy. This information is of great value in the treatment and the control of increasing antimicrobial resistance, but require constant monitoring because they are constantly changing.