Análise e visualização das estações de tratamento de esgoto e suas tecnologias no estado do Ceará

Abstract

In the state of Ceará, the quality of the treated wastewater in the treatment plants is regulated by Resolution COEMA No. 2 of 02/02/2017. However, many of the wastewater treatment units fail to meet these standards. It is crucial to gain a deeper understanding of the reality of the treatment plants and their different technologies - Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB), UASB with post-treatment, Activated Sludge, and Stabilization Ponds - and how they can be improved. Therefore, data analysis was conducted on the years 2017 to 2020 and 2021 to 2023, using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) methods. Due to the numerous attributes, it is also challenging to determine the best way to classify the quality of the data based on the technology used. Consequently, it will be easier to identify the best stations for each technology and the key characteristics that distinguish those with good performance from those without. At the end of this study, differences were identified between levels of technologies, except Activated Sludges, and the main characteristics that influences their results. Additionally, visualizations were created for the UASB and Stabilization Ponds technologies to facilitate understanding of the wastewater quality over time and aid in identifying patterns and stations that are closer to meet the legislation’s limits.