Principais manifestações em pacientes oncohematologicos associados a coexistência do mieloma múltiplo com a amiloidose de cadeias leves: revisão integrativa da literatura

Abstract

Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM), also called Kähler's disease, myelomatosis, and plasma cell myeloma, is a malignant neoplasm of hematological origin characterized by the unregulated and clonal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. It is a disease that brings numerous problems to the health of its sufferers, especially when associated with other diseases that can contribute to a worse prognosis. One of these is Amyloidosis, which is characterized by being a set of rare diseases, in which fragments of proteins, folded into a highly stable configuration (pleated sheets of the “beta” type), are pathogenically deposited in the extracellular space of organs and tissues as insoluble fibrils. Objective: To identify in the literature studies that deal with the main complications associated with the coexistence of Multiple Myeloma and Light Chain Amyloidosis in hematological cancer patients. Methodology: The present study is an integrative review of the literature that seeks to identify productions that describe the main manifestations of hematological cancer patients where multiple myeloma and light chain amyloidosis coexist between the years 2019 and 2024. Results: A total of 13 studies were included in this research, 2 (15%) studies from LILACS, 5 (38%) studies from PubMed, 3 (23%) studies from CINAHL and 3 (23%) studies from SCOPUS. Of these studies, 5 were published in China; 1 in Spain; 1 in Ukraine; 1 from Chile; 1 from Italy; 1 from Ireland; 1 from Costa Rica; 1 from Singapore; one of them, it was not possible to identify the country of origin. The predominance of the studies was in the English language, 12 of them, and only 02 in the Spanish language. No articles in Portuguese were identified. Discussion: The coexistence between Multiple Myeloma (MM) and Light Chain Amyloidosis (AL) is an event with a considerable degree of frequency. In the studies used in this research, it is clear that this association has numerous disastrous consequences for the health of patients. Cardiac involvement was the event most frequently cited by studies. It is important to highlight that heart disease in MM and AL has a potentially very serious severity, which can lead to a reduction in the overall survival of patients and even death. Conclusion: The coexistence between Multiple Myeloma and Light Chain Amyloidosis has numerous systemic repercussions. Mainly, it is observed that cardiac involvement is the most predominant and has the greatest morbidity and mortality for patients.