Efeito de uma intervenção educativa na gravidez para alimentação saudável com os alimentos regionais

Abstract

Nutritional needs are increased during pregnancy to support fetal growth and gestational development. The consumption of fruits, vegetables, tubers and legumes are part of a healthy diet during pregnancy and it should be encouraged. This study has the purpose of evaluating the effects of an educational intervention on healthy eating with the consumption of regional foods during pregnancy. Research the type of Controlled Clinical Trial and Randomized, two arms and blind. The intervention was an educational booklet entitled "Healthy Eating in Pregnancy with Regional Food" was created and reviewed by judges and pregnant women to help with the process. The study site was in urban communities of Recife-PE. The sample consisted of 185 pregnant women. From this total, 94 were designated to the control group (CG) and 91 for the intervention group (IG). Randomization occurred in clusters. The health units from conglomerate’s family A, after random allocation, were part of the IG and the other ones from conglomerate’s B to the CG. Recruitment took place in the period from December 16, 2012 a August 12, 2013. The data collection occurred in three stages. The First Stage: recruitment of pregnant women at USF on the same day that was schedule prenatal consultation. Application of the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA) and the pretest using the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice survey (KAP) on CG and IG. Second stage: Introduction of the educational intervention for pregnant women at the IG. The intervention was done individually, before the prenatal visit. Counseling based on the Brief Motivational Interviewing and the educational booklet was used. Each pregnant woman from the IG group received a copy of the booklet. Third stage: The post-tests with inquiry KAP were administered on the 7th and 30th day of prenatal consultation for pregnant women of CG and on the 7th and 30th day for pregnant women for the IG. Follow-ups were done by phone for the CG and IG groups. The research follows the Resolution nº 466/2012 of the National Board of Health and was approved by the Ethics Committee in Research of the Health Science Center of the Federal University of Pernambuco, protocol nº 123.140/2012. Regarding the validation of the booklet by the judges the results indicated that the average I-CVI was 0.91. In clinical validation sample homogeneity signals for equivalence between the groups. No statistically significant difference was detected at the baseline related with social and economic variables, gradient of food insecurity, age, gestational age and pre-consultation. Levels adequate assessment of the CAP, the seventh and thirtieth day, the pregnancy who participated in the intervention, showed statistical significance with a greater chance and p-value (p <0.001) when compared with the CG. Pregnant women of the IG group showed on the seventh and thirtieth day, respectively: adequate knowledge 90.8% and 94.7%. The adequate attitude 93.4% and 97.4% and adequate practice 56.6% and 69.7%. It is concluded that educational interventions achieved positive impact on the effect of increasing the appropriate level of knowledge, attitude and practice with regard to regional food. Furthermore, we recommend the use of the booklet for nutritional counseling pregnant women in primary health care.