Efeitos econômicos da Regularização Fundiária Urbana (REURB), com ênfase no Município de Fortaleza

Abstract

The Brazilian urbanization has occurred rapidly and often without state planning, generating an unequal distribution of the population in urban space, a heterogeneous arrangement of public services in the city, and the growth of the peripheralization and favelaization phenomena. In this context, as a reflection of the socioeconomic disputes over access to urban land, Informal Urban Centers have arisen, characterized by irregular or clandestine occupation, and which, over time, have consolidated on the city soil, making it difficult to remove or relocate. As of 2017, a new state response to this problem was the Urban Land Regularization (Reurb) institute, which after going through a historical-evolutive process in both normative and procedural aspects, was consolidated through Federal Law 13.465/2017. The main purpose of this institute is revealed in the incorporation of the Informal Urban Nucleus to the urban territorial planning and the concession of real rights to its occupants. Consequently, the regularization of informal settlements generates economic effects for the benefited area and also for the entire local economy, as theorized by Hernando de Soto and later incorporated into World Bank policies. The literature review on the subject confirmed as main economic effects: the appreciation of the property, the qualified access to the credit market, the reduction of transaction costs and the reduction of income inequality. From these foundations, it becomes possible to formulate prospective scenarios for the Municipality of Fortaleza, which, due to its urbanization, presents itself as a representative microcosm of the Brazilian reality, and which show the economic benefits of Reurb.