Metodologias empregadas em estudos in vitro com implantes osseointegrados para avaliação da estabilidade primária: revisão sistematizada da literatura

Abstract

Rehabilitation with dental implants is a viable and advantageous option. The success of the technique can be related to implant stability, favoring the osseointegration process. Primary stability can be determined by factors such as bone quality, implant design, and surgical technique used. The aim of this literature review was to evaluate the theoretical framework of in vitro studies with osseointegrated implants, aiming to assess which methodological designs have been used to analyze primary stability. To this end, a search of the PUBMED database was performed, with no date limit, written in Latin-Roman alphabet, using the descriptors "insertion torque", "implant design" and "in vitro". 120 articles were found, which underwent evaluation of inclusion and exclusion criteria of titles and abstracts (Rayyan® software). 38 articles were selected for full reading, and 26 were chosen for this review. The most used blocks for reproduction of different bone densities were polyurethane, but two studies used acrylic resin and epoxy resin. Various implant designs and milling protocols were described, varying according to the brand used in the studies. Implant diameters (3.0 to 4.8) and lengths (6.0 to 12.5 mm) were varied, but only one study evaluated the short and wide implant system. In conclusion, in vitro studies allow for the identification, with low cost and predictability, of the best protocol for installing a given type of implant in a specific bone density bed, favoring the adequacy of the technique for establishing primary stability.