Procedimentos e desafios regulatórios na conexão de usinas FV GD I: um estudo sob a REN 1000/2021 e a Lei 14.300

Abstract

The expansion of distributed photovoltaic generation in Brazil has intensified in recent years, driven by the pursuit of renewable sources and the decentralization of the electricity matrix. However, the process of connecting these plants to the distribution grid still faces technical, regulatory, and operational challenges that hinder its effective implementation. This study analyzes the regulatory procedures and the main challenges in connecting distributed photovoltaic plants of the GD I modality in Brazil. The research is based on ANEEL Normative Resolution No. 1000/2021 and Law No. 14.300/2022, which establishes the legal framework for micro and mini distributed generation. The study details the mandatory stages of the connection process, including the request and approval of the connection budget, contract execution, construction works, and protection studies. Common obstacles encountered by consumers are also addressed, such as budget rejections due to technical reasons (e.g., reverse power flow) and delays by distribution companies in meeting established deadlines. As a methodology, an explanatory flowchart was developed to graphically represent the connection stages and potential regulatory challenges, enabling a clear and practical understanding of the regulatory process and facilitating its critical analysis. Through practical case studies, the work demonstrates the application of regulatory provisions in six real photovoltaic plants, highlighting critical points such as lack of transparency, connection delays, and discrepancies between legal requirements and distribution companies’ operational practices. The results reveal that, despite regulatory advances, significant gaps remain in effective implementation, as all plants analyzed faced obstacles in the process. These findings underscore the need for greater oversight, standardization of practices among distribution companies, and increased consumer awareness of regulatory procedures to ensure proper monitoring of connection processes and the protection of generator rights.