A fragmentação socioespacial, os espaços públicos e o lazer em teresina/PI, no período de 2019 a 2024

Abstract

In Article 6 of the Brazilian Constitution of 1988, leisure is presented as one of the indispensable social rights. However, it can be problematized in the context of Brazilian cities. In particular, in this paper, we will discuss the city of Teresina. Our work is based on this question, focusing on the city of Teresina and its public leisure spaces. The capital of Piauí, established and planned in 1852, has excluded the poorest population from its spaces and from the leisure activities developed in the urban center, conditioning this segment of society to develop its own forms and structures to access leisure, through street games, conversations between neighbors, and improvised constructions of shacks for parties. In view of this, our research sought to analyze the socio-spatial fragmentation and public leisure spaces in Teresina, within the period from 2019 to 2024, focusing on the city's parks and squares. To this end, it is also necessary to understand urban planning, how the documents prepared by the City Hall, State Government, and their departments view leisure, as well as to analyze the current scenario in Teresina, based on economic, social, and mobility issues. The methodology adopted for this work was bibliographic research, carried out in magazines, books, articles, dissertations, and theses; documentary research based on documents prepared by the Teresina City Hall (PMT), State Government, and secretariats; as well as field research and observations in parks and squares selected according to established criteria, taking into account the area and historical and social importance of these spaces and the squares through the primary selection of neighborhoods, which followed the pattern of larger and smaller population sizes, that is, we selected two neighborhoods from each zone (east, north, center, south, and southeast). The analysis of these spaces was carried out through observation and the completion of forms adapted to the reality of Teresina. Our findings showed that many of Teresina's public parks are not accessible to the entire population. Some, such as the Zoobotanical Biopark, charge fees for admission and participation in some activities, while others are too far away, considering the distance that residents of other zones must travel and their reliance on public transportation as the only means of accessing these spaces, such as the Encounter dos Rios Environmental Park. In relation to squares, we observed that there is a distinction in terms of real estate and equipment depending on the area and neighborhood in which they are located, and that some of the neighborhoods analyzed do not have this type of public space