Análise dos impactos operacionais das restrições por Constrained-Off em usinas solares no Brasil.

Abstract

The growth of solar photovoltaic generation in Brazil presents new operational challenges to the National Interconnected System (SIN), especially with respect to the management of intermittency and the flow of generated energy. In this context, this study aims to analyze the impact of operational restrictions due to constrained-off events in solar power plants in Brazil, using public data provided by the National Electric System Operator (ONS). Data were extracted from spreadsheets and processed in an environment designed for analyzing large volumes of information. The information was organized to enable efficient querying and structured analysis, supporting the monitoring of installed capacity growth and the classification of restrictions, including external unavailability (REL), electrical reliability (CNF) and energy limitations (ENE). The analysis also considered the origin of the restrictions (local or systemic), the type of plant, and the geographic region. Exploratory and comparative charts were used to visualize patterns and identify operational behaviors over time. A case study of the Conjunto Pirapora 2 solar plant examined days with different restriction conditions, highlighting the impact of external unavailability on generation dispatch. The results reinforce the need to expand the transmission infrastructure, along with improvements in operational mechanisms and dispatch strategies, with special attention to the particularities of intermittent energy sources. The study also emphasizes the urgency of a more integrated energy planning approach, aligning energy generation and flow to ensure greater efficiency and reliability in the integration of solar energy into the SIN