Estimativa preliminar de custos para pequenas obras: um estudo no sertão de Crateús

Abstract

This study investigates the preliminary cost estimation process for small-scale real estate projects in the Sertão de Crateús microregion, in the state of Ceará, Brazil. Recognizing that accurate initial estimates are crucial to the viability and success of construction projects particularly for Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) operating with limited technical and financial resources4the research addresses a context marked by informality, lack of standardized methodologies, and limited access to reliable cost references. Adopting a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive approach based on a multiple case study design, data were collected through interviews with representatives of three local construction companies. The study aimed to identify the methods employed, the recurring challenges encountered, and potential improvements in the cost estimation process. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis techniques. The findings reveal that estimations are often based on empirical methods, drawing from historical averages of cost per square meter, with adjustments for specific project characteristics such as location, construction standards, and labor availability. Official references such as the Basic Unit Cost (CUB) and SINAPI are occasionally used, especially in public contracts. Despite technical limitations and informality, companies demonstrate efforts to systematize practices and maintain basic cost control. Key challenges include material price volatility, insufficient integration between design and execution, limited availability of qualified labor, time constraints for detailed budgeting, and restricted access to digital tools and technical training. In public projects, accelerated budgeting processes and the frequent need for contract amendments reflect deficiencies in initial planning. The study suggests measures to improve estimation accuracy and concludes that, even when based on simplified methods, preliminary cost estimation is a fundamental step for ensuring the success of small-scale construction projects. Strengthening the technical and managerial capacities of local companies is essential to fostering greater professionalization and more effective resource management in the region.