Propriedades adesivas e bioativas da quitosana e seus derivados na modulação da camada híbrida em resinas compostas: revisão de literatura

Abstract

The longevity of composite resin restorations can be directly compromised by degradation of the adhesive interface, with this layer undergoing processes of collagen hydrolysis and endogenous enzyme activity. The use of bioactive materials can promote greater stability. In this context, this integrative review sought to analyze and synthesize the scientific evidence regarding the application of chitosan and its derivatives as a modulating agent of the hybrid layer. The search was conducted in the PubMed, BVS, and Scopus databases, using the descriptors “Chitosan AND Dentin-Bonding Agents AND (dentistry or dental material),” interspersed with the Boolean operator AND. Articles from the last 10 years that used pure or modified chitosan associated with adhesives applied to dentin were included. After screening and critical analysis, 21 articles were selected. The studies were grouped into three main thematic areas: pure, nanoparticulate, and functionalized chitosan. Analysis of the studies revealed that the formulation of chitosan is a determining factor for its effectiveness. While pure chitosan stood out for its biological action, the use of nanoparticles optimized interaction with the dentin substrate, proving especially effective in compromised dentin. The most advanced formulations are based on functionalized derivatives, allowing targeted actions such as selective demineralization and increased bond strength. Overall, the data suggest that chitosan can act as an agent promoting adhesive interface stability, especially when nanoparticulated or functionalized, with minimal compromise to bond strength. In addition, its antibacterial effects and ability to inhibit matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are factors that favor restoration longevity. It is concluded that chitosan shows promising potential as a bioactive agent in adhesive restorative strategies, although further clinical studies are needed to validate its long-term efficacy.