Análise comparativa da resistência à compressão de bloco de argamassa convencional e bloco de concreto translúcido com aditivo superplastificante

Abstract

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the compressive strength between conventional mortar blocks and translucent concrete blocks incorporating superplasticizer and polymer optical fibers (POF). The study was motivated by the need to blend aesthetic appeal, technological innovation, energy efficiency, and structural performance in modern construction materials. It begins with a historical overview of concrete, tracing its evolution from ancient civilizations to its critical role in Brazilian civil engineering today. Environmental impacts of Portland cement are discussed, highlighting concrete's challenges to sustainability despite its lower emissions compared to materials like steel or aluminum. The proposed solution involves using translucent concrete, allowing natural light transmission and reducing reliance on artificial lighting. Its composition includes cement, fine sand, water, superplasticizer, and randomly distributed plastic optical fibers. Test specimens of both types were executed using the same mix to ensure fair conditions for lab testing. Specimen molding and curing followed technical standards, with a 28-day curing period before testing. Consistency tests classified the mortar as plastic, with a measured spread of approximately 12 cm. After curing, all blocks were tested for compressive strength using a hydraulic press. Results revealed that both conventional and translucent blocks exhibited very similar strength values. This similarity indicates that both materials can be safely applied in structural contexts. Translucent concrete offers visual uniqueness, better natural lighting, and reduced energy usage. However, its disadvantages include high cost, limited market dissemination in Brazil, and specialized labor requirements. Even so, the study confirms the material's reliability and practical viability, serving as a technical reference. It reinforces the importance of exploring alternative materials that balance sustainability and performance. This work contributes to civil engineering progress, promoting smarter and more efficient technologies. The proposed material aligns with modern demands for environmental comfort, cost savings, and ecological awareness. Translucent blocks stand out as a viable and promising solution, combining beauty, innovation, and strength. The technology shows potential for integration into architectural designs focused on energy and aesthetics. Incorporating POFs did not compromise mechanical performance, strengthening its structural credibility. Data obtained validate the methodology and highlight the practical viability of translucent concrete. This research supports future academic studies and real-world applications. It concludes that innovation can be achieved without sacrificing safety or functionality. Translucent concrete represents a construction revolution, bridging technique, design, and sustainability.