Emergência de metáforas sistemáticas na conceitualização de violência escolar por professores da Educação Básica em Fortaleza- CE

Abstract

This research focuses on the theme of school violence, and its main objectives are identifying and analyzing, through the eyes of Cognitive Linguistics, the metaphors that emerge from the interaction between teachers when discussing the topic, by investigating the cognitive and discursive motivations in the conceptualization of the theme by Elementary School teachers from the city of Fortaleza. In order to analyze the data, we used the Metaphor-led Discourse Analysis model as proposed by Cameron et al. (2009), as well as theoretical support from Lakoff and Johnson (1980, 1999) about Conceptual Metaphor and Idealized Cognitive Models (LAKOFF, 1987), especially in regards to imaging-kinesthetic schemes as cognitive phenomena underlying the emergence of systematic metaphors. This way, we believe that systematic metaphors are no longer discursive emergencies, but also cognitive since tangible aspects social and culturally situated contribute to the emergency of such metaphors. The Complex Dynamic Systems theory (LARSEN-FREEMAN; CAMERON, 2007; CAMERON; MASLEN, 2010) is an important theoretical contribution because it comprehends the discourse of the participants as a Complex Dynamic System, once it adapts according to the context needs, as well as allows us to analyze two propositions of metaphor study which are apparently conflicting: the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (LAKOFF E JOHNSON, 1980) and the Systematic Metaphor (CAMERON, 2003, 2007). The methodology applied to this research involved the formation of a focus group composed by teachers, with the objective of perceive the conceptualization of school violence in the discourse that was produced. Systematic Metaphors (CAMERON, 2003, 2007; CAMERON; MASLEN, 2010) are identified through the most recurring discourse topics in the oral interaction and the grouping of metaphorical vehicles present in the speech of the participants. The results reveal that metaphors present in the discourse seem to emerge and systematize themselves from the negotiation of concepts during the oral interaction between teachers, who show metaphorical language that was influenced by imaging-kinesthetic schemes related to movement. We concluded that the teachers who took part in this research conceptualize the school as a BATTLEFIELD; they acknowledge that violence at school is a reflex of other kinds of violence; many acts of school violence are attributed to impunity; and they admit that everyone at the school are victims of the system.