Dinâmica da emissão de flores em plantas de cajueiro anão

Abstract

The dynamics of flower emission in cashew trees (Anacardium occidentale L.) play a crucial role in determining fruit formation and overall crop production. This study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of flower emission in dwarf cashew plants (clone BRS 226) in the municipality of Beberibe, Ceará, considering its temporal and spatial distribution, as well as the relationship between the different types of flowers produced. The experiment was conducted in a commercial orchard under rainfed conditions, using 10 marked plants with panicles oriented according to the cardinal points. The study began on July 15, 2024, and ended on October 31, 2024, lasting a total of 108 days. Flowers were counted daily over 15 weeks and classified as staminate hermaphroditic, or anomalous. The results revealed that flower emission was most intense during the initial months of the evaluation period, particularly in August, with staminate flowers predominating throughout the experiment. The location of the panicles significantly influenced flower production, with higher emissions observed on the East and North sides, suggesting that light exposure and local microclimate conditions affect flower development. Additionally, the ratio of staminate to hermaphroditic flowers varied over time, indicating that environmental factors may favor the production of male flowers over hermaphroditic ones, ultimately limiting fruit set. It is concluded that the BRS 226 clone exhibits a reproductive pattern adapted to semi-arid conditions but requires specific management practices to optimize hermaphroditic flower production and, consequently, fruit yield. This study provides valuable insights for more productive and efficient agricultural practices, contributing to the development of the cashew industry in the northeastern semi-arid region.