Análise de estratégias de controle de recursos energéticos distribuídos utilizando co-simulação

Abstract

The growing penetration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in the electricity distribution network is causing major changes in the Brazilian power system. The electrical system was traditionally designed to handle unidirectional energy flow and was therefore not prepared for the massive integration of Distributed Generation (DG), which has led to reverse power flow in feeders, improper operation of equipment, and, most notably, overvoltages. To mitigate these issues, control strategies such as Volt-Watt and Volt-Var have been developed. These changes have resulted in the transition from the traditional electrical system to the concept of Smart Grids (SGs). Due to the complexity of coherently representing an SG, conventional simulators may be insufficient for a holistic analysis of the system, requiring the integration of multiple simulators in a co-simulation environment. In this context, this study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of Volt-Var and Volt-Watt control strategies in an electrical distribution network with photovoltaic generation and smart inverters, using co-simulation. The co-simulation is orchestrated by Mosaik, with the electrical network modeled in Pandapower and the smart inverter control functions implemented using OpenDER, ensuring compliance with the IEEE 1547-2018 standard. The analyzed distribution network, obtained from the SimBench database, consists of 97 buses, a line voltage of 400 V, a radial topology, and initially includes 8 buses with photovoltaic generation. To simulate a stressed condition in the electrical network, 48 additional photovoltaic installations are introduced. The co-simulation results demonstrated the effectiveness of the control strategies in mitigating overvoltages, with a reduction of more than 80% in the voltage deviation function, used as a performance metric, while also highlighting the strengths and limitations of each approach. Thus, this study demonstrates the relevance of co-simulation for Smart Grid analysis, with the modeled environment producing satisfactory and consistent results, enabling an effective evaluation of the control strategies applied to the grid.