Avaliação fitossanitária e estrutural das mungubeiras (Pachira aquatica Aubl) no Centro Administrativo do Banco do Nordeste

Abstract

Urban afforestation plays an essential role in the environmental quality of cities, providing benefits such as the reduction of air pollution, thermal regulation and the promotion of biodiversity. However, lack of proper planning and management compromises these benefits, making trees vulnerable to pests, diseases and structural instability. Given this reality, this study aimed to evaluate the phytosanitary and structural state of the mungubeiras (Pachira aquatica Aubl.) in the Administrative Center of the Banco do Nordeste, in Fortaleza-CE, for purposes of suggesting an appropriate management. The research was based on the need for diagnosis and management of urban afforestation to minimize environmental and structural risks. For this, a qualitative-quantitative approach was carried out, following the guidelines of ABNT NBR 16246 and ISA-TRAQ. A specific form was used to record phytosanitary data, height, diameter and risk factors, supplemented by georeferencing and photographic records. The results indicated the presence of 107 specimens of mungubeiras in the studied area, of which 93.46% presented signs and symptoms of infestation by the metallic beetle (Euchroma gigantea). The high number of individuals of Pachira aquatica Aubl and the lack of natural predators of Euchroma gigantea favored an ecological imbalance, contributing to the spread of the insect. Among the risk factors identified, the emergence of roots and damage by pruning without technical criteria were highlighted, causing potential risks to the safety of the population and the property. Based on the results, management measures were proposed, addressing issues of pruning, suppression and nutrition in order to minimize negative impacts and promote greater environmental balance. In this context, the continuous monitoring of tree species was essential to ensure the maintenance of their ecosystem services, since the lack of care and maintenance caused several environmental and economic problems. With this, in addition to the continuous monitoring, it is recommended the development and execution of management plans, technical pruning by qualified professionals and investment in environmental education actions, as integrated measures to ensure the safety of the population and the preservation of ecosystem services provided by trees.