Evolução de rede de reservatórios e interações seres humanos e água em Região Semiárida

Abstract

Socio-hydrology understands that society is an integral part of the hydrological cycle and, based on this, seeks to understand and observe, through measured data and modeling, the dynamics of a coupled human-water system, using concepts such as coevolution, feedback and trade-offs to structure the analysis. In this context, the aim of this work was: (i) To show how droughts in the state of Ceará have influenced society and the management of water resources. In order to achieve the first objective, a bibliographical survey was carried out, using scientific articles, historical and official documents, periodicals available at the digital library database and general literature; (ii) To develop a conceptual understanding of how the dense network of reservoirs in Ceará has evolved over time. In chapter two, hydrological and social data were collected from books and historical documents, which were used to help understand the political and social processes that took place during the focus period. The HYMOD+RSM model was used to analyze the evolution of the reservoir network and the meeting of demands; and (iii) To diagnose the multi-annual drought of 2012-2017, as well as to present the actions taken before, during and after the event. A hydrological and socio-economic analysis of the period was carried out. The results of this work showed that the evolution of the network of reservoirs and their accumulated volume in Ceará developed over 120 years in response to the region's recurrent droughts. Thus, various political and social factors had an influence on this period, making it possible to divide the evolution by Eras according to the main constraint to water security: 1) Availability; 2) Accessibility; 3) Acceptability; 4) Quality. This evolution is in accordance with the AAAQ framework, which identifies barriers to human rights. Despite the dense network of reservoirs and the hydraulic capital acquired, the drought from 2012 to 2017 indicates that there is still a need for measures to reduce the population's vulnerability to droughts, particularly with regard to management.