Aeronaves remotamente pilotadas em topografia: controle estatístico de processos na avaliação da qualidade de dados obtidos

Abstract

Although advances in current photogrammetry using RPA's (Remotely Piloted Aircraft) can offer great cost advantages, an intuitive and effective approach to 3D modeling, little is known about its quality. The main objective of this study was to analyze the errors of the process involving the use of the RTK (Real Time Kinematic) system in the collection of GCP points and to evaluate the quality presented in the process of in order to evaluate the volume of ore through the use of RPA's, considering two flight heights and two overlapping levels, and in the second, the objective was to frame the PEC, through analysis between MDE obtained by SRTM data, GPS data and MDE obtained through the use of RPA for an area with presence of dunes and vegetation. Both projects were developed in or around the Pecém-CE Industrial and Port Complex. The RPA used was the Inspire 1, having on board the camera ZENMUZE X3, 12 MP, focal length of 3.6 mm, width 4000 pixels, height 3,000 pixels, width of the sensor 6.17 mm and height of the sensor 4,628 mm. Both the horizontal and vertical errors related to the RTK model, as well as the errors related to the adjustment of coordinates East, North and Elevation of GCPs for flights at 70 and 120 meters in height were within the control limits. Although variations in flight height and lateral overlap did not have any negative effects on the adjustment to GCPs, there were variations in volume results, with larger negative effects on piles of smaller dimensions. The SRTM data presented mean errors of 3.70m, 5.26m and 3.52m in relation to GPS data, MDE obtained by means of RPA for vegetation area and MDE obtained by RPA for mobile dune area, respectively. The MDE obtained through the use of RPA presented better quality in terms of framing in the PEC when compared to SRTM data. The best framework that the SRTM presented in relation to the PEC for class A was for 1: 10,000 scale, and in the 1: 1,000 scale the said MDE could be classified in class C. In addition, through the analyzes, it was possible to identify dune movement between the SRTM passage periods and the information collection with GPS and RPA, indicating the potential of the integration of these technologies for the monitoring of coastal áreas.