Implementação de um microcontrolador em FPGA para o ensino de engenharia: da teoria à experimentação

Abstract

This work discusses the development of a processor architecture aimed at teaching Computer Engineering using FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), as well as the creation of a microcontroller for use with this processor. The main motivation for the project arises from the need to create a simplified and unified educational tool for subjects such as Computer Architecture, Embedded Systems, and Digital Systems. The project aims to provide artifacts that can be used in the study of various topics within these disciplines, offering students simple and practical tools to facilitate the learning of processor-related concepts, such as processor design and implementation and digital logic description in VHDL. The proposed architecture, called TRISC (Training RISC), was designed to simplify students’ understanding, encouraging a theoretical-practical learning approach in which students can explore the processes of analysis, design, and implementation of a processor, grasping computer architecture principles in a tangible way. A microcontroller, the TRISC-16, was also designed to enable the processor’s use through common peripherals in embedded systems, along with an assembler to facilitate program development for the microcontroller. In addition to being a simple tool, the TRISC architecture is flexible and can be applied to various computer engineering disciplines (allowing modifications to better suit the course objectives). The VHDL implementation for FPGA will enable students to understand theoretical concepts and acquire practical skills in processor design and application in projects. The flexibility and modularity of TRISC allow for the exploration of different configurations and optimizations, enabling students to add instructions and peripherals, thus enriching the learning experience. This project is expected to assist students in developing essential technical skills and preparing them to tackle real-world challenges in the field of computer engineering. By offering a practical and contextualized approach, this work aspires to significantly enhance the learning process in fundamental subjects.