Biomassa de coco catolé: síntese otimizada do biodiesel e de carreadores lipídicos nanoestruturados

Abstract

The use of regional oil sources with intermittent production are ideal for providing alternatives for renewable and biocompatible applications, as they reduce production costs, due to the reduction of the impact of the unavailability of raw materials. In this context, this work proposes the use of catolé coconut biomass for the synthesis of biodiesel through in situ transesterification and the synthesis of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), linked to experimental planning using the Taguchi method. In situ transesterification was conducted through nine experiments varying catalyst rate, methanol/oil ratio and temperature. The mass yield was analyzed as a response. The optimized condition was obtained through the reaction with 2% catalyst, methanol/oil ratio 5:1 and 60 ºC, providing a mass yield of 66.17%. The evaluated parameters presented a p-value with statistical significance, with the catalyst rate providing a greater impact on the synthesis yield. The physical-chemical parameters of biodiesel were evaluated, certifying that the material complies with international standards, highlighting the result of oxidative stability exceeding 18 h, and the combustion events in thermogravimetric analysis ranging from 224 to 258 ºC, and activation energy (Ea) of 48.12 KJ.mol-1, justified by the majority profile of saturated fatty acids demonstrated in the chromatographic analysis. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, the effectiveness of the synthesis in producing biodiesel with a conversion rate equal to 100% is confirmed. The optimized synthesis of CLNs was conducted by varying the masses of OACC catole coconut almond oil, beeswax and the surfactant Brij® 78, combined with the Taguchi method. After synthesis, the NLCs were evaluated based on the following responses: particle size, polydispersity index (IPD) and zeta potential. The results of the optimization study indicate greater relevance of beeswax rates to provide smaller particle sizes and IPD. Zeta potential results were most impacted by the mass amount of CCAO. (NLCs) were produced with particle sizes between 236 and 976 nm and moderate IPD, results that were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy analysis with sizes between 200 and 300 nm. A. The optimized system incorporated the bioactive isoquercitrin with 93.99% efficiency, in addition to presenting non-clinical safety, as it did not present toxicity towards zebrafish. NLCs demonstrated a non-sedative and/or muscle relaxing effect in the locomotor activity test, except for the lowest concentration. The NLCs showed antifungal activity against the candida spp strains tested in this study. Keywords: Biodiesel,