Etiologia e risco de comportamentos ineficazes de manutenção da saúde em indivíduos com doenças cardiovasculares: uma revisão de escopo

Abstract

The nursing diagnosis Ineffective health maintenance behaviors may be present in people with cardiovascular diseases. According to the NANDA International Taxonomy, this diagnosis is conceptualized as Management of health knowledge, attitudes, and practices underlying health actions that are unsatisfactory for maintaining or improving well-being or preventing illness and injury. This study conducted a scope review of nursing diagnosis Ineffective health maintenance behaviors in order to understand its causes in people with cardiovascular disease. The review was developed according to the JBI Evidence Synthesis Manual. An acronym made up of three essential elements will be used: P (population); E (exposure of interest or risk factor); and O (outcome). Electronic searches and selection took place in general databases and databases in specific areas. The checklists for quantitative studies in the JBI manual were used to assess methodological quality. The data on the factors identified is presented using a narrative and tabular approach. The protocol for this study was approved by the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under registration number CRD42024541920. A total of 4885 articles were selected for reading and after analysis, nine articles were included, six of which were cross-sectional and two cohort studies. With regard to the research setting, in three studies the participants were in a hospital environment. Ten etiological factors of Ineffective Health Maintenance Behaviors were identified: psychological distress, low income, low health literacy, low educational level, unemployment, advanced age, lack of participation in rehabilitation programs, lack of knowledge about the disease, female gender and presence of other comorbidities. The etiological factors related to ineffective health maintenance behaviors most often cited in the literature were: low educational level, advanced age and lack of knowledge about the disease. The broad and well-founded identification of the etiological factors that lead to the development of ED Ineffective behaviors can enable nurses to plan and implement individualized actions aimed at the needs of people with cardiovascular disease.