Prevalência de disfunção temporomandibular e sua associação com ansiedade e depressão em estudantes universitários no Nordeste do Brasil: um estudo transversal

Abstract

The term Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) encompasses musculoskeletal and neuromuscular conditions that affect the masticatory muscles and/or associated structures, being classified as articular or muscular. This disorder is associated with a reduced quality of life, interfering with work capacity, concentration, and daily activities, potentially causing psychological distress. There is evidence of a bidirectional relationship between TMD, anxiety, and depression. Among dental students, studies indicate greater exposure to stress, anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders, in addition to a high prevalence of TMD. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between TMD, anxiety, and depression among students from the Dentistry Program at the Federal University of Ceará (UFC) – Sobral campus. The research was quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive, and census-based, involving 159 students, corresponding to 85% of the regularly enrolled students. Sociodemographic, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Fonseca Anamnestic Index questionnaires were applied, the latter to assess TMD. Data analysis was performed using the statistical software Jamovi (version 2.3.28), employing the chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test (p < 0.05). The results showed that 48.4% of students had mild TMD, 20.7% moderate TMD, 3.77% severe TMD, and 27% had no TMD. Regarding anxiety, 43.4% showed possible anxiety, 28.9% probable anxiety, and 27.7% had no anxiety. A significant association was found between TMD and anxiety, sex, average sleep hours, and self-perceived mental health, however there was no association between TMD and depression. Individuals with anxiety were 4.91 times more likely to present TMD compared to those without anxiety, and individuals with depression were 2.33 times more likely to present TMD compared to those without depression. The importance of implementing mental health care strategies for university students is emphasized.