Análise do impacto nas redes elétricas de distribuição com o aumento da geração distribuída fotovoltaica: estudo de caso modelado no OPENDSS

Abstract

In recent years, the growing demand for renewable energy sources, combined with concerns about environmental impacts and climate change, has driven the adoption of photovoltaic solar power generation systems. This scenario has led to significant changes in the electric power sector, especially in distributed generation, directly impacting the planning, operation, and regulation of distribution networks. In this context, the objective of this study is to present the technical impacts on electrical distribution networks caused by the increased penetration of photovoltaic distributed generation, using the IEEE 8500 node model in simulations conducted in OpenDSS. The simulations show a reduction in technical losses of up to 32.4% compared to the traditional scenario without distributed generation. Additionally, in this scenario, the voltage drop in the lines was reduced from 5.04% (without photovoltaic generation) to as low as 0.7% (when photovoltaic generation equals the load). However, from the point where generation is greater than consumption, the circuit presents a high reverse power flow which, for sufficient magnitudes, increased its technical losses by up to 23.9% compared to the scenario of lower losses, in addition to presenting overvoltages in certain sections of the electrical lines with values higher than those established by module 8 of Prodist. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that actions should be implemented to mitigate the harmful effects and properly integrate photovoltaic distributed generation, such as the use of energy storage systems capable of shifting power injection into the grid to more suitable operating moments.