Transação energética de um sistema híbrido usando modelo de otimização baseado em programação linear inteira mista

Abstract

Data from May 2024 indicates that the state of Ceará has an installed wind generation capacity of 2.57 GW and 1.55 GW of solar photovoltaic generation. Additionally, 2.8 GW of wind generation capacity is either under contract, under construction, or about to commence operations, complemented by an estimated 94 GW of offshore wind generation potential. Solar energy projects in progress as of the first quarter of 2024 total 16.73 GW. With this infrastructure, Ceará positions itself as a promising producer of green hydrogen (H2V), generated from renewable or low-carbon energy sources, leveraging the availability of renewable energy and its strategic geographical location for maritime trade routes with key markets, particularly in the United States and Europe. This study proposes the optimization of a multi-energy system composed of a solar photovoltaic plant, an electrolyser, a battery storage system, a hydrogen storage system, and a hydrogen-powered thermoelectric plant. The proposed system is integrated with both the electricity and gas markets. The optimization model employs MILP and seeks to maximize the energy efficiency of the gridconnected system as well as financial gains by monitoring market values of energy and process variables. Six different scenarios were simulated, considering variations in PLD and LCOH. The results indicate that in scenarios where the PLD remains stable at a low value, the production of H2V is 61.9% higher compared to scenarios with fluctuations in the PLD. On the other hand, significant variations in the price of electricity, especially during the dry season, result in a 13% increase in the share of electricity sold to the market, proving efficient adaptation to market fluctuations.