Autenticação e criptografia em dispositivos de internet das coisas (IoT) na indústria 4.0: uma abordagem de baixo custo computacional com prova de conhecimento zero e LEA

Abstract

Industry 4.0 is defined as the integrates of industrial automation with different technologies, such as artificial intelligence, robotics, cloud computing, and others. A significant resource used in Industry 4.0 is Internet of Things (IoT) devices, which transmit important production data. These devices must be tamper-proof, ensuring that transmitted data cannot be modified by unauthorized third parties. One of the limitations of IoT devices is that they generally have limited computational resources. Therefore, it is necessary to use efficient and lightweight authentication and encryption algorithms suitable for this resource-constrained scenario. Thus, this work aims to implement and evaluate a low-cost security protocol for IoT devices in Industry 4.0, combining authentication based on Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge Proof (NIZKP) and encryption using the Lightweight Encryption Algorithm (LEA), focusing on reducing energy consumption, memory usage, and processing time. The results show that the implementation of NIZKP with LEA significantly reduces energy consumption and optimizes memory usage compared to the AES-based version while maintaining the same execution efficiency. Thus, the proposed model proved to be a more efficient and viable solution for resource-constrained IoT devices, ensuring secure communication without compromising system performance.