Análise da relação entre competitividade industrial e infraestrutura nos Estados do Ceará e em Santa Catarina por meio da análise envoltória de dados no período 1980-2010

Abstract

The main objective of this work is to evaluate the relevance of economic infrastructures for the industrial competitiveness between the states of Ceará and Santa Catarina in the period 1980 - 2010, being the period treated at this work in the form of five years term, with the technique of data envelopment analysis (DEA), considering that the last state displays its industry decentralized into its territory and has greater participation in Brazilian industrial GDP, and that the northeastern state, in recent decades, presents initiatives to decentralize its industry from the metropolitan region of Fortaleza, increasing its competitiveness. For this study, it was used the state of São Paulo as benchmark because it has historically the highest industrial GDP between the federation’s units. Econometric tests were made with a production function and data from the following variables were used: capital, employment and infrastructure variables (communications, energy and transport). Capabilities (indicators) were formulated with the infrastructure's information. The DEA's principle is to compare the efficiency between units (operational realities rather than intangible ideals). Considering the classical efficiency, about 52% of the observations were classified as efficient (Ceará has the highest number of efficient units). However, to the standard composite efficiency, considered as a pessimistic assessment, only one observation was considered efficient (Santa Catarina in the year 2000). Regardless of the type of efficiency, Santa Catarina had the lowest average efficiency. The results corroborate to the importance (weight) of the infrastructures considered for the states' efficiency (industry competitiveness).