Proposta de aproveitamento integrado da biomassa cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius l.)

Abstract

Faced with the energy issue, the search for diversification and improvement of new sources to obtain increasingly sustainable energy has become a global need. In this sense, this work evaluated the use of safflower seeds (Carthamus tinctorius L.) as a potential renewable source in the production of biofuel, carrying out an integrated use of it, from the production and use of oil for biodiesel, to thermal analysis of the seeds. after oil extraction for bioenergy production. In oil extraction, the method used was Soxhlet and it was found that the extraction yield was around 29,32%. The oil's acidity value and saponification were 0.749 mg KOH/g and 180.811 mg KOH/g, respectively, thus revealing the potential of this oilseed for biodiesel production. The oil was also evaluated by specific mass and kinematic viscosity characterizations, in addition to structural characterizations via FTIR, ¹H NMR and oxidative stability. The biodiesel production process took place through transesterification in a batch reactor. Some parameters evaluated according to ANP resolution Nº 920/2023 were specific mass at 20 ºC, Kinematic viscosity at 40 ºC, Acid index and Oxidation stability at 110 ºC. The ester content was evaluated using ¹H NMR. In the production of biomass with bran, the analyzes carried out were immediate (ash content (NBR 16550), volatile (ASTM D3175-20) and fixed carbon (ASTM D3172-13)) and elemental (nitrogen mass content (%N), hydrogen (%H), carbon (%C), oxygen (%) and sulfur (%S)), and moisture content (NBR 16550), through which the calorific value of biomass was estimated. The biodiesel produced had an acidity value of 0.2 mg KOH/g, specific mass of 881.7 kg/cm³, viscosity at 40 ºC of 4.1 mm²/s and conversion into esters of 95.24%. The biomass had a moisture content (%) of around 11.84 ± 0.13, ash content (%) of 8.68 ± 0.06, volatile mass content (%) of 79.44 ± 0.28 and fixed carbon (%) of 11.88 ± 0.28. In the elemental analysis, the average composition found was 45.24 %C, 6.06 %H, 35.33 % O, 4.68 % N and 0.00 %S. The calorific value show between 17 MJ/kg and 19 MJ/kg, approximately. Thus, through these results it is possible to testify the proposal for the integrated use of safflower seeds as a source of energy production.