A sensibilidade parental em famílias com crianças pequenas e o uso de álcool e outras drogas: revisão integrativa

Abstract

With the sociocultural revolution in the conception of family organization and relationships between parents and children, it is notable that the combination of parental practices acts in the integral formation of the child, and this emphasizes the need for discussions about the factors that condition and determine family relationships and, consequently, child development. Therefore, parental sensitivity emerges as one of the main variables for the consolidation of the parent-child set, as parents need to be sensitive to their children's demands for the healthy performance of their parental functions. In this sense, it is also important to highlight the stressors that can interfere with the establishment of these bonds and affect the parents' connections with the child, such as parental use of alcohol and other drugs. Several studies point out the implications derived from addiction to psychoactive substances in different contexts, but the particularities involving the impacts of the consumption of these substances in the exercise of parenthood remain little known. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the repercussions of parental sensitivity in families with young children in the existing literature and demonstrate its association with the use of alcohol and other drugs. The present study is characterized as an integrative review that was developed in the Virtual Health Library and the US National Library of Medicine, through PubMed. The databases accessed were LILACS and MEDLINE. The study search and selection period was between February and May 2024. To prepare the guiding question, the Population, Variables and Outcomes (PVO) strategy was used and to design the study search and selection process, the flowchart was used adapted from the PRISMA recommendation. A total of 10 studies were selected according to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results highlighted the impacts of the use of psychoactive substances on maternal sensitivity, parental functions and practices, the emotional and behavioral trajectory of children vulnerable to this addiction, in addition to revealing the association between the consumption of alcohol and other drugs and practices and behaviors problems transmitted over generations. It is concluded that such findings highlight the importance of continuing research on this topic, in order to stimulate the production of knowledge and the development of measures that assist nursing care in this context.